An image forming apparatus includes a main housing, a drawer, and a cartridge. The drawer is movable between an inside position inside the main housing and an outside position outside the main housing. The cartridge is installable into and removable from the drawer. The cartridge includes a photosensitive drum configured to rotate about a drum axis. The drawer comprises a lock member movable between a lock position in which the drawer is locked to the main housing, and an unlock position in which the drawer is unlocked from the main housing. The cartridge installed in the drawer is rotatable about the drum axis between a first position and a second position. The lock member is positioned in the lock position when the cartridge is positioned in the first position, and positioned in the unlock position when the cartridge is positioned in the second position.

A moisture detecting apparatus includes: a light emitting unit including a first light source configured to emit light having a first wavelength as a peak wavelength, and a second light source configured to emit light having a second wavelength as a peak wavelength; a detecting unit configured to detect a first detection value indicating an extent to which the light emitted from the first light source is transmitted through a recording material, and a second detection value indicating an extent to which the light emitted by the second light source is transmitted through the recording material, based on a light receiving result of a light receiving unit; and a determination unit configured to determine a value related to a moisture content of the recording material based on the first detection value and the second detection value.

An image forming apparatus comprises a spacing member provided on a rotation shaft of a charging roller, the spacing member configured to include an engaging portion that engages with a rotation member, and to be rotatable between a spaced position at which a spaced state in which a photosensitive drum and the charging roller are spaced apart is maintained, and a released position at which the spaced state is released and the photosensitive drum and the charging roller are caused to be in contact; and a cover portion provided on the rotation shaft of the charging roller, and configured to cover an end face of the spacing member so that a fitting portion of the charging roller and the spacing member is covered.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that carries and transports a latent image; a charging member that is arranged to be in contact with a surface of the image carrier; a developing device that supplies toner to the image carrier and forms a toner image; a density detection unit that detects a density of the toner image; a pattern detection unit that detects a predetermined density variation pattern based on a detection result of the density detection unit according to the toner image; and a determination unit that determines a state of the charging member based on the number of the predetermined density variation patterns detected within a predetermined period of time.

A fixing device includes a first fixing member, a second fixing member, and a charge application portion. The first fixing member contacts unfixed toner on a sheet conveyed along a conveyance path. The second fixing member forms a nip portion between itself and the first fixing member such that the sheet passes through the nip portion. The charge application portion applies an electric charge to the unfixed toner on the sheet and to an outer circumferential surface of the first fixing member at a region on an upstream side of the nip portion in a movement direction of the outer circumferential surface, by causing a corona discharge to be generated between a discharge electrode and a counter electrode that are disposed apart from the outer circumferential surface of the first fixing member.

The present invention provides an electrophotographic apparatus in which the deterioration of electrical properties in repetitive use is suppressed even in the case where an electrophotographic photosensitive member absorbs moisture under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. An undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member provided in the electrophotographic apparatus contains (α) a metal oxide particle, (β) a particular benzophenone compound and (γ) a compound represented by the following formula (2).

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wherein R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an amino group and A.sup.1 represents an alkenyl group having 2 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member; a charging member configured to electrically charge the photosensitive member; a developing device configured to form a toner image by supplying toner to the photosensitive member; a transfer member configured to transfer the toner image from the photosensitive member onto a toner image receiving member; a cleaning member provided in contact with the photosensitive member and configured to remove the toner remaining on a surface of the photosensitive member after transfer; and a controller configured to carry out a process for notifying information on a lifetime of the charging member, on the basis of use amount information on a use amount of the charging member and contact pressure information on contact pressure applied by the cleaning member to the photosensitive member.

Fluctuations in chargeability in an initial state are expected to be small. If a charging member is new, an image forming apparatus performs a supply operation for supplying a developer or a lubricant prior to an image forming operation in such a manner that the developer or the lubricant adheres to a surface of the charging member.

An inner resistive film is applied to a conductive substrate. Ductile particles are disposed substantially uniformly throughout the inner resistive film. An outer resistive film is applied to the inner resistive film.

A developing device configured to develop a latent image formed on a surface of an image bearer includes a rotator, a bearing, a holder, a first regulator, and a second regulator. The rotator includes a rotation shaft. The bearing supports the rotation shaft. The holder holds the bearing. The first regulator, disposed on any one of the bearing and the holder, regulates movement of the bearing such that the bearing does not fall toward one end side in an axial direction of the rotation shaft relative to the holder. The second regulator regulates movement of the bearing such that the bearing does not fall toward another end side in the axial direction relative to the holder after the bearing is attached to the holder.