An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, a transfer rotator, an adjuster, and circuitry. The image bearer bears a toner image. The transfer rotator contacts the image bearer to form a transfer nip between the transfer rotator and the image bearer. The transfer rotator transfers the toner image from the image bearer onto a sheet conveyed to the transfer nip. The adjuster adjusts at least one of a relative difference in linear velocity of the transfer rotator to the image bearer at the transfer nip and a relative contact pressure of the transfer rotator to the image bearer at the transfer nip. Based on a difference in image magnification, in a direction of conveyance of the sheet, of toner images transferred onto surfaces of one or more sheets conveyed to the transfer nip, the circuitry causes the adjuster to reduce the difference in image magnification.

A media transport system is used to transport a media sheet along a media transport path past an image capture system. The image capture system includes an image capture device positioned to capture an image of the media sheet, and a platen positioned behind the media sheet, wherein a surface of the platen includes a non-uniform density pattern. The image capture system captures an image of the media sheet that includes at least one edge of the media sheet and a portion of the platen that extends beyond the edge of the media sheet. An image analysis system automatically analyzes the captured digital image to detect an edge position of the media sheet by detecting a platen region that includes the non-uniform density pattern and a media region. The detected edge position is used to adjust a position that a printing module prints image data onto the media sheet.

An image processing apparatus includes a scanner configured to read an image formed on a sheet along a reading direction and generate image data thereof, and a processor. The processor is configured to select a first region of the generated image data into which a first image indicating the reading direction is to be combined, set a pixel value of the first image in accordance with a pixel value of a pixel around the first region, and combine the first image having the determined pixel value into the first region of the image data and output the combined image data.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member; an exposure portion configured to expose the photosensitive member to light depending on image information to form a latent image on the photosensitive member; a developing portion configured to develop the latent image into a toner image with toner; and a transfer portion configured to transfer the toner image from the photosensitive member onto a recording material. The image forming apparatus changes a surface movement speed of the photosensitive member at timing prior to predetermined timing, when a moving speed of a recording material at the transfer portion changes, by a predetermined time.

Alight scanning apparatus according to the present invention includes a deflecting unit configured to deflect a light flux to scan a scanned surface in a main scanning direction, and an imaging optical system configured to guide the light flux deflected by the deflecting unit to the scanned surface and to have different partial magnifications in the main scanning direction between an on-axis image height and an outermost off-axis image height. A ratio of a reflectivity at a first outermost off-axis deflection point on one side with respect to an on-axis deflection point on a deflecting surface of the deflecting unit to that at the on-axis deflection point, and a ratio of the reflectivity at a second outermost off-axis deflection point on the other side with respect to the on-axis deflection point on the deflecting surface to that at the on-axis deflection point are each appropriately set.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member; an exposure portion configured to expose the photosensitive member to light depending on image information to form a latent image on the photosensitive member; a developing portion configured to develop the latent image into a toner image with toner; and a transfer portion configured to transfer the toner image from the photosensitive member onto a recording material. The image forming apparatus changes a surface movement speed of the photosensitive member at timing prior to predetermined timing, when a moving speed of a recording material at the transfer portion changes, by a predetermined time.

An optical writing device, and a method of controlling the optical writing device. The optical writing device and the method includes controlling speed of operation of a light deflector based on image magnifying-power information in a sub-scanning direction parallel to a direction in which a surface of a photoconductor moves, and controlling a prescribed write clock frequency such that a number of clock pulses of write light will become a target number of pulses over a period where the write light scans an area within a prescribed distance in a main scanning direction, the target number of pulses being maintained even when the speed of operation of the light deflector is changed in the controlling the speed of operation of the light deflector. The write clock frequency controller maintains the target number of pulses even when the speed of operation of the light deflector is changed by the light-deflector controller.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, a transfer rotator, an adjuster, and circuitry. The image bearer bears a toner image. The transfer rotator contacts the image bearer to form a transfer nip between the transfer rotator and the image bearer. The transfer rotator transfers the toner image from the image bearer onto a sheet conveyed to the transfer nip. The adjuster adjusts at least one of a relative difference in linear velocity of the transfer rotator to the image bearer at the transfer nip and a relative contact pressure of the transfer rotator to the image bearer at the transfer nip. Based on a difference in image magnification, in a direction of conveyance of the sheet, of toner images transferred onto surfaces of one or more sheets conveyed to the transfer nip, the circuitry causes the adjuster to reduce the difference in image magnification.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member; an exposure portion configured to expose the photosensitive member to light depending on image information to form a latent image on the photosensitive member; a developing portion configured to develop the latent image into a toner image with toner; and a transfer portion configured to transfer the toner image from the photosensitive member onto a recording material. The image forming apparatus changes a surface movement speed of the photosensitive member at timing prior to predetermined timing, when a moving speed of a recording material at the transfer portion changes, by a predetermined time.

In an example, a method includes determining a first scaling to be applied to a first print operation and a second scaling to be applied to a second print operation. Each print operation includes selectively removing charge from a charged photoconductor by irradiating the photoconductor in a plurality of scans, forming a first print agent pattern on the photoconductor and delivering the first print agent pattern to a substrate. If the first and second scalings are different, a control instruction may be determined to change the scan-to-scan spacing between the first and second print operations.