An image forming apparatus includes a latent image bearer, an electrostatic latent image forming device, a potential sensor, a toner image forming device, a toner adhesion amount detector, and circuitry. The circuitry controls the electrostatic latent image forming device to create an adjustment pattern on the latent image bearer when the image forming apparatus is not printing, controls the potential sensor to detect an electric potential of the adjustment pattern, controls the electrostatic latent image forming device and the toner image forming device to create a test toner image during a printing period, controls the toner adhesion amount detector to detect a toner adhesion amount of the test toner image, and adjusts at least one image forming condition of the electrostatic latent image forming device and the toner image forming device based on the electric potential of the adjustment pattern and the toner adhesion amount of the test toner image.

An image forming apparatus includes a development current detector that detects an actual measurement value of a development current, a development current calculator that calculates a provisional calculation value of a development current based on an image formation condition, and an image-defect determiner that determines whether or not an image defect occurs, based on the actual measurement value of the development current detected by the development current detector and the provisional calculation value of the development current calculated by the development current calculator.

There is provided an image forming apparatus including: an intermediate transfer belt; a photosensitive drum; a primary transfer member; a secondary transfer member; a first backup member; a first power supply electrically connected to the primary transfer member and to the secondary transfer member; and a first resistor electrically connected to the first power supply and to the primary transfer member. A first current route, in which the first resistor, the primary transfer member, and the photosensitive drum are connected in series in that order, is connected to the first power supply and to a basis potential. A second current route, in which the secondary transfer member and the first backup member are connected in series, is connected to the first power supply and to the basis potential. The first current route is connected in parallel to the second current route.

In one example, a method is described that includes a processor detecting a voltage of a photoconductor layer (103) of a printing device, comparing the voltage of the photoconductor layer (103) to a threshold voltage, and applying a corrective voltage to a charging unit (110) or to a transfer member (104) when the voltage of the photoconductor layer (103) exceeds the threshold voltage.

An image forming apparatus includes a controller configured to execute a mode for correcting a command value of the transfer voltage during a continuous image forming job of forming an image to a plurality of recording materials. The controller is configured to correct the command value of the transfer voltage on the basis of detection results which are detected by a voltage detection unit and a current detection unit during a predetermined time.

After a predetermined period elapses since the start of use of a photosensitive member, if a calculated value calculated from a detection current between a charging unit and a photosensitive member is out of a predetermined range, a determining unit does not perform determination using a currently calculated value and, if the calculated value is within the predetermined range, the determining unit performs determination using the currently calculated value.

An image forming apparatus has a photosensitive member, a charging member, an exposing device, a developing device, a transfer member, a polishing member, a driving device, a voltage applying device, a torque detector, and a control portion. The photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer and a surface protection layer formed on the surface of the photosensitive layer. The polishing member has an elastic layer on its circumferential surface, and rotates with a linear velocity difference from that of the photosensitive member. The torque detector detects the torque of the driving device. The control portion estimates an attachment condition of discharge products to the surface of the photosensitive member based on the torque of the driving device detected by the torque detector. When the torque is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the control portion performs an image degradation suppression process.

An image forming apparatus provided with a charging member to charge a surface of a photoreceptor, includes: a power supply that applies to the charging member a first bias in which an AC voltage is superimposed on a DC voltage or a second bias which is a simple DC voltage; and a hardware processor that causes the power supply to apply the first bias until an amount used of the photoreceptor reaches a predetermined value, and causes the power supply to apply the second bias when the amount used of the photoreceptor reaches the predetermined value.

An image forming apparatus includes a detecting unit detecting a value of a current flowing to a photosensitive member when a voltage is supplied to a voltage applying member or a value of a voltage applied to the photosensitive member when a current is supplied to the voltage applying member, an acquiring unit acquiring information concerning a difference between potentials of the unexposed portion and the exposed portion, based on detection results of the detecting unit at times when the voltage is applied by the voltage applying member to each of an unexposed portion formed in a region chargeable by a charging member in a rotation axis direction of the photosensitive member and an exposed portion formed in a region exposable by the exposure device in the rotation axis direction of the photosensitive member, and a control unit controlling an image forming condition based on the information concerning the difference.

Examples of charging a photoconductive layer in an image forming apparatus are described. In one example, a method comprises applying a charging voltage to the photoconductive layer and measuring surface voltages of the photoconductive layer at a plurality of positions on the photoconductive layer. Based on the measured surface voltages, a correction voltage profile is determined. The determined correction voltage profile comprises at least a first correction voltage associated with a first position on the photoconductive layer and a second correction voltage associated with a second position, different to the first position, on the photoconductive layer. The method comprises applying the first correction voltage to the photoconductive layer and applying the second correction voltage to the photoconductive layer.