An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor, a charger, an exposure device, a transfer device, a first and a second surface voltmeter, and a processor. At the first rotation of the photoconductor, the charger charges a charge area on the photoconductor, the exposure device exposes a part of an exposure area in an axial direction of the photoconductor, and the transfer device charges an exposed and unexposed area. At the second rotation, the charger charges the charge area, and the exposure device exposes the exposed and unexposed area at the first rotation. After the exposure at the second rotation, the first surface voltmeter measures a surface potential V1 of the unexposed area at the first rotation, and the second surface voltmeter measures a surface potential V2 of the exposed area at the first rotation. The processor evaluates a life of the photoconductor based on the surface potentials V1 and V2.

An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, an image carrier driver which rotates the image carrier, a rotation detector which detects rotation of the image carrier, a rotary member in contact with the image carrier, a rotary member driver which rotates the rotary member, a first controller which controls the rotary member driver, and a second controller. The second controller controls the image carrier driver based on an output of the rotation detector and also controls the image carrier driver in a manner which attenuates a fluctuation component at a specific frequency. When the first controller changes a surface velocity of the rotary member, the second controller controls the image carrier driver in a manner that attenuates a fluctuation component at a specific frequency related to the changed surface velocity of the rotary member.

An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor, a charger, an exposure device, a transfer device, a first and a second surface voltmeter, and a processor. At the first rotation of the photoconductor, the charger charges a charge area on the photoconductor, the exposure device exposes a part of an exposure area in an axial direction of the photoconductor, and the transfer device charges an exposed and unexposed area. At the second rotation, the charger charges the charge area, and the exposure device exposes the exposed and unexposed area at the first rotation. After the exposure at the second rotation, the first surface voltmeter measures a surface potential V1 of the unexposed area at the first rotation, and the second surface voltmeter measures a surface potential V2 of the exposed area at the first rotation. The processor evaluates a life of the photoconductor based on the surface potentials V1 and V2.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section, a transferring member, and a controller. The image forming section includes an image supporting member and a developer supporting member. The image supporting member supports a latent image on a surface of the image supporting member. The developer supporting member supports, on a surface of developer supporting member, a developer that develops the latent image. The transferring member transfers, onto a transferred medium as a medium on which a transfer is to be performed, an image formed by the image forming section. The controller controls, as an amount of the developer, a developer amount to be fed to the latent image supported on the surface of the image supporting member, on the basis of a traveling velocity of the transferred medium.

An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, an optical deflector having a rotary polygon mirror to deflect a light beam from the light source, a scanning optical system configured to focus the light beam deflected by the optical deflector on a target surface, a sync detecting sensor configured to determine a write start timing on the target surface, and a processing unit configured to correct detection data of the sync detecting sensor based on a measured value of a time needed for one revolution of the rotary polygon mirror.

In examples provided herein, a roller damper comprises a damper body element having mass and having a shape to fit an interior of a tubular roller element. The roller element is associated with a natural frequency. The roller damper also comprises an elastomer support member coupled to the damper body element. The mass of the damper body element and the elastomer support member are selected based on the natural frequency of the tubular roller element.

An image formation apparatus includes a printer configured to perform a printing process including transporting a recording medium and printing an image on the transported recording medium, and a hardware processor which determines whether the recording medium is only one sheet to be printed, and, depending on a result thereof, changes a time at which the printing process is started. Changing the time includes causing the printer to start the printing process when a first start print time is reached in a case in which the hardware processor determines that there is only one sheet to be printed, and causing the printer to start the printing process when a second start print time later than the first start print time is reached in a case in which the hardware processor determines that there is not only one sheet to be printed.

A reciprocating mechanism reciprocates by drive force from a drive source and to press a chute to move from a first position to a second position. In response to determining that a parameter is greater than a threshold for the parameter, a controller executes a first mode of actuating the drive source when conveying one sheet. The parameter decreases as a conveyance speed of the sheet at the fixing nip increases. The threshold is such a value that, when the parameter is greater than the threshold, a difference between a conveyance speed of the sheet at a transfer nip and the conveyance speed of the sheet at the fixing nip is greater than a particular level. In response to determining that the parameter is smaller than or equal to the threshold, the controller executes a second mode of not actuating the drive source when conveying one sheet.

An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, an optical deflector having a rotary polygon mirror to deflect a light beam from the light source, a scanning optical system configured to focus the light beam deflected by the optical deflector on a target surface, a sync detecting sensor configured to determine a write start timing on the target surface, and a processing unit configured to correct detection data of the sync detecting sensor based on a measured value of a time needed for one revolution of the rotary polygon mirror.

An image forming apparatus includes upstream-side and downstream-side detection parts and a control section. The detection parts are disposed on a moving path of an intermediate transfer belt or a conveyor belt and detect a speed of the belt. The control section performs control to correct color misregistration of images composed of colors to be formed on the intermediate transfer belt or a recording medium conveyed by the conveyance belt on the basis of the detection result. The control unit calculates a difference between the speed detected by the upstream-side detection part and the speed detected by the downstream-side detection part after a predetermined time elapses since the upstream-side detection part detects the speed and performs the control on the basis of the difference. The predetermined time is obtained by dividing a distance between the detection parts by a target speed of the belt.