A white toner for electrostatic image development contains white toner particles that contain a binder resin and a white pigment and satisfy condition 1 below:

condition 1: a grain size distribution index GSD.sub.vL of the white toner particles satisfies formula (1) below, and a ratio of a number of white toner particles having a diameter of 3 μm or less to a total number of white toner particles is 1% by number or more and less than 6% by number:

1.2≤GSD.sub.vL(=D.sub.84v/D.sub.50v)≤1.5   formula (1):

(in formula (1), D.sub.84v is a particle diameter at which a cumulative frequency cumulated from a small diameter side in a volume-based particle size distribution is 84%, and D.sub.50v is a particle diameter at which the cumulative frequency cumulated from the small diameter side in the volume-based particle size distribution is 50%).

An image processing apparatus includes a processor configured to: store a first color patch used in using metallic toner and a second color patch used in using CMYK toner other than the metallic toner without using the metallic toner; receive a first colorimetric value obtained by measuring color of the first color patch and a second colorimetric value obtained by measuring color of the second color patch; calculate a third colorimetric value on a basis of the first colorimetric value obtained by measuring the color of the first color patch and the second colorimetric value obtained by measuring the color of the second color patch, and generate a profile to be used to convert an input color value into an output color value, the profile being generated on a basis of the third colorimetric value; and calculate the third colorimetric value that ranges from the first colorimetric value to the second colorimetric value in response to a total amount of CMYK toner being lower than or equal to a threshold, the total amount of the CMYK toner resulting from color conversion of the input color value performed by using the profile, and calculate the third colorimetric value that coincides with the first colorimetric value in response to the total amount exceeding the threshold.

An image forming apparatus includes a transfer device to transfer an unfixed toner image to a print medium, a fixing device located along a conveyance path of the print medium, and a gloss applying device. The unfixed toner image includes clear toner that is associated with a gloss image to be formed. The gloss applying device receives the print medium including the unfixed toner image, to fix the unfixed toner image to the print medium by applying heat and pressure, and to cool the heated toner image to form the gloss image.

A printing system includes an information processing apparatus including first circuitry and an image forming apparatus. The first circuitry is configured to receive designation of superimposing an image of a particular color on a print target image, associate the image of the particular color with the print target image in response to a reception of the designation of superimposing, and transmit print data including the print target image and the image of the particular color to the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes second circuitry configured to receive the print data and interpret the print data, and a printer engine configured to superimpose the image of the particular color on the print target image in printing, according to interpretation of the print data.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

An imaging system includes: a conveyor belt that conveys a medium having a toner image fixed thereto, along a conveying route; a heating element to heat the conveyor belt; and a pressing roller to press the conveyor belt against the heating element. The heating element may have a planar surface adjacent to an inner peripheral surface of the conveyor belt.

In a method of printing a 3D part in accordance with a selective deposition additive manufacturing process a first image portion of a flowable material is developed using a first electrophotographic engine. A second image portion of a resilient material is developed using a second electrophotographic engine. The first image portion is registered with respect to the second image portion to form a combined image layer comprising the first and second image portions on a transfer medium. The combined image layer is transfused from the transfer medium to a part build surface of a 3D part. The viscosity (Vr) of the resilient material is greater than or equal to three times the viscosity (Vf) of the flowable material, and/or the storage modulus (Er) of the resilient material is greater than or equal to three times the storage modulus (Ef) of the flowable material.

An image forming apparatus includes a housing, a toner image forming portion, a foil transfer unit, a sheet tray, and a discharge portion. The toner image forming portion is provided in the housing and configured to form a toner image on a sheet. The foil transfer unit is configured to superpose a foil with a surface of the sheet. The sheet tray is installable in the housing in an inserting direction and configured to accommodate a sheet to be supplied to the toner image forming portion. The first discharge portion is configured to discharge the sheet from the foil transfer unit to the outside of the housing in a discharging direction opposite to the inserting direction. The second discharge portion is configured to discharge the sheet from the toner image forming portion to the outside of the housing without passing through the foil transfer unit in the discharge direction.

An image formation apparatus according to an embodiment may include: a first image formation section configured to form a first image of a developer containing a lustrous pigment; a second image formation section configured to form a second image of a dyeing developer; and a transfer section configured to transfer the first image and the second image on a medium such that the first image and the second image are stacked to each other on the medium.

In an image forming apparatus, a controller performs processes in accordance with an operation mode settable to one of a first subscription mode and a second subscription mode. The first subscription mode corresponds to a first subscription in which a specific-color cartridge is a subscription subject and a non-specific-color cartridge is not the subscription subject. The second subscription mode corresponds to a second subscription in which both the specific-color cartridge and the non-specific-color cartridge are the subscription subject. The controller performs restricting usage of the non-specific-color cartridge in a case where the first subscription mode is set as the operation mode and the type information of the non-specific-color cartridge indicates the subscription type, compared to a case where the second subscription mode is set as the operation mode and the type information of the non-specific-color cartridge indicates the subscription type.