An image forming apparatus includes a developer information acquisition unit. The developer information acquisition unit performs a developer deterioration information acquisition operation. In the developer deterioration information acquisition operation, the developer information acquisition unit acquires a tilt of a measurement straight line representing the relationship between the change amount of the frequency in a first measurement toner image forming operation and the density change amount of the measurement toner image based on the change amount of the frequency in the first measurement toner image forming operation and a result of detecting density of the measurement toner image in a density detecting unit, and acquires a toner charging amount based on the acquired tilt of the measurement straight line and the reference information in the storage unit so as to acquire information relating to deterioration of developer based on the acquired toner charging amount.

An image forming apparatus is configured to execute a first image forming mode, in which an image is formed by forming toner images on a first photosensitive member and a second photosensitive member, and a second image forming mode, in which an image is formed by releasing the first photosensitive member from an outer peripheral surface of an intermediate transfer member and bringing the second photosensitive member into abutment against the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member. A control unit is configured to set a potential difference, which is a difference between an absolute value of a dark point potential of the second photosensitive member and an absolute value of a direct current component of a developing bias, to be lower in a case of the second image forming mode than in a case of the first image forming mode.

An image forming apparatus controls a generation circuit to modulate a DC component of a developing voltage based on a first correction component such that a density unevenness is reduced. The image forming apparatus further restricts the first correction component for modulating the DC component of the developing voltage such that fogging of toner that may occur on a non-exposure region which is not exposed by an exposure unit and adhesion to a photosensitive member of carrier included in a developer are reduced.

A detection unit executes correction control of an image formation condition on a basis of a detection result of reflected light when infrared light is radiated to a test patch, which is transferred from a photosensitive drum to an intermediate transfer belt, and the intermediate transfer belt, wherein the intermediate transfer belt has a base layer which is thickest among a plurality of layers forming the intermediate transfer belt in a thickness direction of the intermediate transfer belt and to which an ion conductive agent is added, and an inner surface layer which has a light transmittance lower than that of the base layer.

In accordance with an embodiment, a print head includes a first light emitting element line and a second light emitting element line. The first light emitting element line and the second light emitting element line each include a plurality of light emitting elements that emit light on the basis of image data. The plurality of light emitting elements of the second light emitting element line are arranged deviated from the plurality of light emitting elements of the first light emitting element line by a certain interval in a main scanning direction.

An image forming apparatus includes: multiple intermediate-transfer-member density sensors that are disposed in the axial direction of an intermediate transfer member and that detect corresponding densities of a developer image having been subjected to first transfer onto the intermediate transfer member; and a processor configured to: in response to occurrence of a variation of density on a recording medium, if a relationship between the highest density value and the lowest density value among the density values detected by the respective intermediate-transfer-member density sensors indicates a first density state, output information indicating that the variation of density is caused in a process of or after a second-transfer process in which the developer image having been subjected to first transfer onto the intermediate transfer member is transferred onto the recording medium; and if the relationship indicates a second density state opposite to the first density state, output information indicating that the variation of density is caused in a process before the second-transfer process.

An image forming apparatus includes: multiple image carriers holding developers; multiple potential detectors that are mounted in a first scanning direction on each of the image carriers and detect surface potentials of the image carriers; an intermediate transfer body to which the developers held by the image carriers are transferred; and multiple density detectors that are mounted in the first scanning direction of the intermediate transfer body and detect densities of the developers transferred to the intermediate transfer body. A subset of the potential detectors is mounted at a location corresponding to a location where the density detectors are mounted and a subset of the potential detectors is mounted at a location that is common to the image carriers.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer roller, a power feeding rotary member, and a controller. The controller is configured to execute the cleaning mode such that a period in which the cleaning mode is executed comprises a first application period during which a reverse polarity bias having a polarity reverse to that of the transfer bias is continuously applied to the power feeding rotary member, and a second application period during which a same polarity bias having a same polarity with that of the transfer bias is continuously applied to the power feeding rotary member.

An intermediate transfer belt (image bearing member) includes a base material layer and a surface layer disposed on the base material layer and including an inorganic oxide containing an organic component. A ten-point average roughness of the surface layer is 69% or more of a wavelength of incident light emitted from a sensor for detecting an amount of toner adhering to the image bearing member and less than 20% of an average particle size of the toner.

An image forming apparatus is configured to execute a first image forming mode, in which an image is formed by forming toner images on a first photosensitive member and a second photosensitive member, and a second image forming mode, in which an image is formed by releasing the first photosensitive member from an outer peripheral surface of an intermediate transfer member and bringing the second photosensitive member into abutment against the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member. A control unit is configured to set a potential difference, which is a difference between an absolute value of a dark point potential of the second photosensitive member and an absolute value of a direct current component of a developing bias, to be smaller in a case of a second image forming mode than in a case of a first image forming mode.