A cleaning device includes a cleaning unit, a movement mechanism, and a positioning portion. The cleaning unit includes a cleaning part that has a contact surface extending along an axial direction of a conveyance roller and cleans the conveyance roller, and a cleaning housing that supports the cleaning part. The movement mechanism moves the cleaning unit between a cleaning position and a mounting and removing position. The movement mechanism allows the cleaning part to be brought into contact with the conveyance roller at the cleaning position, allows the cleaning part to be disposed below the conveyance roller in a separated manner at the mounting and removing position and allows the cleaning unit to be mounted on or removed from the apparatus body. The positioning portion restricts a relative position between the cleaning part and the conveyance roller by being brought into contact with the cleaning unit.

The cleaning device includes a cleaning unit. The cleaning unit includes a cleaning part having a contact surface brought into contact with a surface of a conveyance roller to clean the surface of the conveyance roller, and a housing that supports the cleaning part. The cleaning part includes a web of a strip shape, the web forming the contact surface that comes in contact with the conveyance roller, a pressing roller that presses the web against the conveyance roller, a feed-out roller that feeds out the web so as to cause a part of the web that comes in contact with the conveyance roller to shift, and a take-up roller that takes up the web. The housing has an opening that receives foreign matter dropping from the vicinity of a nip portion formed between the pressing roller and the conveyance roller.

In an example, a printing device comprises a component to engage with a surface, a first load sensor, a second load sensor and a controller. The component has a first part which is drivable to engage and disengage with the surface by a first engagement device and a second part which is drivable to engage and disengage with the surface by a second engagement device. The first load sensor is to measure a load on the first engagement device. The second load sensor is to measure a load on the second engagement device. The controller is to receive first load information from the first load sensor and second load information from the second load sensor; and determine whether or not to alter an operational parameter of the printing device, based on the received first load information and the received second load information.

A developing roller is capable of preventing the generation of a difference in image density between a central portion and an end portion of an electrographic image. The developing roller has an electro-conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer on the mandrel, the electro-conductive layer has a crown shape in which an outer diameter of a central portion in a direction along the mandrel is larger than outer diameters of both end portions in the direction along the mandrel, an outer surface of the developing roller includes a first region having an electrically insulating property and a second region having a higher conductive property than the first region, and the first region and the second region are disposed adjacent to each other.

An image forming unit forms an image based on image data. A roller conveys the sheet from a tray. A reading unit reads the sheet. A controller controls the image forming unit to form a test image on one side of the sheet, controls the roller to convey the sheet on which the test image has been formed, obtains first read data relating to a read result of a first surface of the sheet on which the test image is formed, obtains second read data relating to a read result of a second surface from the first read data and the second read data, selects read data relating to a read result relating to the test image, controls, based on the selected read data, a density of an output image to be formed by the image forming unit.

A sheet conveying apparatus includes a second conveying roller adjoining a motor driven first conveying roller, a phase determiner to determine a rotational phase of a rotor of the motor, a controller, and a discriminator. The controller controls a drive current flowing through a winding of the motor to reduce phase deviation. The discriminator executes a discrimination regarding one of whether a front end of a sheet has reached a nip portion and whether a rear end of the sheet has passed through a nip portion. The controller controls such that the first conveying roller rotates at a first conveying roller peripheral velocity which is different from a peripheral velocity of the second conveying roller. The discriminator executes the discrimination based on a value of a parameter corresponding to a load torque applied to the rotor where the first conveying roller rotates at the first conveying roller peripheral velocity.

An image forming apparatus includes: a transfer unit that faces an image holding unit and is configured to come into contact with and separate from the image holding unit with a continuous form paper continuous in a transport direction interposed between the transfer unit and the image holding unit and to transfer an image held by the image holding unit onto the continuous form paper; a displacement unit that displaces the continuous form paper to a position closer to the image holding unit when the transfer unit separates from the image holding unit; and a contact portion that contacts the continuous form paper from a downstream side in a displacement direction before the continuous form paper displaced by the displacement unit contacts the image holding unit.

An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a transfer member, and a light source. The image carrier has a photoconductive layer on a surface of the image carrier. The transfer member is configured to cause a toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to be transferred to a transferee member at a transfer position of the image carrier. The light source is configured to emit light toward the surface of the image carrier after transfer of the toner image to remove residual charges on the photoconductive layer. An effective light receiving width of the image carrier in a width direction thereof is less than a width of the transfer member.

A sheet conveyance apparatus includes a conveyance roller, a first rotary member forming a first nip portion conveying a sheet in a first conveyance direction, a rotation axis of the first rotary member being inclined with respect to a rotation axis of the conveyance roller such that a center of one end of the first rotary member is positioned at a different position in the first conveyance direction with respect to a center of the other end, and a second rotary member forming a second nip portion conveying a sheet in a second conveyance direction, a rotation axis of the second rotary member being inclined with respect to the rotation axis of the conveyance roller such that a center of one end of the second rotary member is positioned at a different position in the second conveyance direction with respect to a center of the other end.

A motor controller that controls a motor in which a rotor using a permanent magnet is rotated by a rotating magnetic field due to a current flowing through a winding: performs hold control that continuously causes a fixed excitation current to flow through the winding to cause a fixed magnetic field for suppressing rotation of the rotor to be generated in a suspension period in which the motor is stopped; performs hold enhancement control that enhances the fixed magnetic field with input of a timing signal defined in advance as a trigger, in the suspension period; and starts rotational excitation control that generates the rotating magnetic field when a rotation start timing arrives.