A transfer unit includes first and second rollers, a roller switching mechanism, and upstream-side and downstream-side guides. The second roller is arranged downstream of the first roller in the conveyance direction of the recording medium. The roller switching mechanism selectively arranges the first or second roller at a reference position to form a transfer nip. The upstream-side and downstream-side guides are respectively arranged upstream and downstream of the transfer nip in the conveyance direction of the recording member. When the first roller moves to the reference position by the roller switching mechanism, the second roller moves to a first retracted position behind the downstream-side guide, and when the second roller moves to the reference position by the roller switching mechanism, the first roller moves to a second retracted position behind the upstream-side guide.

In some examples, a printing liquid developer includes a developer roller that has a hollow tubular base body formed of a material including conductive carbon fiber, a conductive, compliant layer around an outer surface of the hollow tubular base body, and an electrically conductive support separate from the hollow tubular base body and electrically contacted to a surface of the hollow tubular base body.

A printing apparatus is described comprising a photoconductor for receiving an electrostatic charge pattern corresponding to an image, and one or more developers for applying a colorant to the photoconductor representative of the image. The apparatus further comprises a transfer member for transferring the image from the photoconductor onto a substrate, wherein the transfer member has a substantially grounded potential.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image supporter that supports an image to be transferred to paper; a transfer belt that is opposed to the image supporter and forms a nip; and a first heater and a second heater that heat the transfer belt, wherein, the first heater has higher performance to uniformly heat an entire area of the transfer belt than the second heater; and the second heater has higher performance to respond to a temperature change of the transfer belt in a case of output change than the first heater.

In some examples, a printing liquid developer includes a developer roller that has a hollow tubular base body formed of a material comprising conductive carbon fiber, a conductive, compliant layer around an outer surface of the hollow tubular base body, and an electrically conductive support separate from the hollow tubular base body and electrically contacted to a surface of the hollow tubular base body.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image supporter that supports an image to be transferred to paper; a transfer belt that is opposed to the image supporter and forms a nip; and a first heater and a second heater that heat the transfer belt, wherein, the first heater has higher performance to uniformly heat an entire area of the transfer belt than the second heater; and the second heater has higher performance to respond to a temperature change of the transfer belt in a case of output change than the first heater.

A printing apparatus is described comprising a photoconductor for receiving an electrostatic charge pattern corresponding to an image, and one or more developers for applying a colorant to the photoconductor representative of the image. The apparatus further comprises a transfer member for transferring the image from the photoconductor onto a substrate, wherein the transfer member has a substantially grounded potential.

An image forming apparatus includes a body, an intermediate transfer assembly, a secondary transfer assembly, and a drive motor. The intermediate transfer assembly is held by the body and includes an intermediate transferor. The secondary transfer assembly is held by the intermediate transfer assembly and includes a secondary transfer assembly and a cam. The secondary transferor assembly includes a secondary transferor rotatably held by the secondary transfer assembly. The secondary transferor presses the intermediate transferor. The cam contacts the secondary transferor assembly and adjusts a contact pressure of the secondary transferor against the intermediate transferor. The drive motor is held by the body and rotates the cam.

According to an example, a photoconductive drum support comprises a receiving body to receive a photoconductive drum, a rear cup coupled to a first end of the receiving body, a locking member rotatably coupled to a projecting portion of the receiving body, and a front cup positioned to contact a second end of the receiving body. The locking member is movable between an unlocked position in which the front cup is movable along the projecting portion and a locked position in which the locking member is positioned to fix the front cup and the rear cup at a predetermined distance.

A conventional process cartridge is developed.

A rotatable developing roller, a developing frame for rotatably supporting the developing roller, toner including toner particles and an external additive, a toner accommodating portion for accommodating the toner, a supplying roller for supplying the toner to a surface of the developing roller in contact with the surface of the developing roller, a regulating blade for regulating a layer thickness of the toner carried on the surface of the developing roller in contact with the surface of the developing roller, and an electrical contact electrically connected to the supplying roller and the regulating blade and capable of receiving electric power from an outside are provided, wherein the toner includes hydrotalcite particles as the external additive, and in line analysis in STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, fluorine exits inside the hydrotalcite particles.