Provided is an image forming apparatus including: an image bearing member which is configured to bear a toner image; an intermediate transfer belt; a transfer roller; a drive roller; a driven roller; a meandering prevention pulley; and a meandering prevention belt. The meandering prevention pulley is arranged to face an end surface of the driven roller in an axial direction of the driven roller. The meandering prevention belt is arranged on an outside in the axial direction relative to the meandering prevention pulley, and protrudes from an inner peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt. The meandering prevention pulley has a guide surface which faces the meandering prevention belt in the axial direction, and which is formed to have a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.5 ?m or more.

An intermediate transfer belt includes a base layer that has ionic conductivity and is a thickest layer out of multiple layers making up the intermediate transfer belt with respect to the thickness direction of the intermediate transfer belt, and an inner layer having electronic conductivity and a lower electrical resistance than the base layer.

An image forming apparatus includes: a drum unit including a photosensitive drum; a belt unit; and a secondary transfer member. The belt unit includes: a first roller; a second roller spaced apart from the first roller; an intermediate transfer belt supported by the first roller and the second roller; and a primary transfer member. The intermediate transfer belt includes: a first portion; and a second portion. The first portion has an upstream end and a downstream end in a first direction. The second portion has an upstream end and a downstream end in a second direction. The primary transfer member is configured to transfer a toner image from the photosensitive drum to the first portion. The secondary transfer member is capable of contacting the downstream end of the second portion, and is configured to transfer the toner image from the intermediate transfer belt to a sheet.

The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic belt which contributes to stable formation of an electrophotographic image of high quality. The electrophotographic belt includes a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a binder resin, a perfluoropolyether and a comb-shaped graft copolymer, the comb-shaped graft copolymer is a copolymer of an acrylate or methacrylate having a fluoroalkyl group and a methacrylate macromonomer having a polymethyl methacrylate as a side chain, the comb-shaped graft copolymer has a number average molecular weight of 11000 or higher and 15000 or lower, and the comb-shaped graft copolymer has a peak-top molecular weight of 24000 or higher and 40000 or lower.

An intermediate transfer belt includes a base layer that has ionic conductivity and is a thickest layer out of multiple layers making up the intermediate transfer belt with respect to the thickness direction of the intermediate transfer belt, and an inner layer having electronic conductivity and a lower electrical resistance than the base layer.

A transfer belt includes a substrate layer that includes polyester, silicone particles, and conductive particles.

An intermediate transfer medium according to the present disclosure includes a substrate and a transfer layer including at least a receiving layer, in which a logarithmic damping ratio ?E determined by subjecting the receiving layer to rigid-body pendulum measurement at 70? C. is 0.10 or more.

A photo drum may be to receive a color separation. A controller may be to change a location of the color separation on the photo drum from a first location to a second location when a separation location history for the color separation is outside of a threshold range.

A powder-amount detection device includes a first electrode disposed on one side of a powder container to be replaceably installed to an image forming apparatus; a second electrode disposed adjacent to the first electrode and having a smaller surface area than the first electrode, an influence of an amount of powder in the powder container to a capacitance of the second electrode being as small as negligible; a third electrode disposed on a side opposite to the second electrode with the powder container interposed between the third electrode and each of the first electrode and the second electrode; and a voltage detector configured to detect charging and discharging behaviors of the first electrode and the second electrode when a voltage is applied between the third electrode and each of the first electrode and the second electrode for a short time, to detect the amount of powder in the powder container.

An image forming apparatus includes a cleaning unit for a transfer roller. A cleaning unit includes a brush roller, a rotatable member, a first blade and a second blade. The brush roller is electroconductive and contactable with the transfer roller while rotating to electrostatically attract the toner from the transfer roller. The rotatable member is supplied with a voltage of the regular charge polarity of the toner and is contacted with the brush roller in a contact position to electrostatically attract the toner from the brush roller. The first blade contacts the rotatable member in a cleaning portion to scrape a deposited matter from the rotatable member. The second blade is disposed downstream of the cleaning portion and upstream of the contact portion and scrape the deposited matter from the rotatable member with the rotation of the rotatable member.