An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form a toner image, an intermediate transfer belt configured to transfer the transferred toner image to a recording material at a secondary transfer position, a first cleaning unit arranged downstream of the secondary transfer position and upstream of the primary transfer position in a conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer belt and configured to clean the intermediate transfer belt, a second cleaning unit arranged downstream of the secondary transfer position and upstream of the first cleaning unit in the conveyance direction of the intermediate transfer belt and configured to clean the intermediate transfer belt, a conveyance unit provided opposite to the first and the second cleaning units at a position below the first and the second cleaning units and configured to convey the recording material, and a third space from which the first and the second spaces are accessible.

In an example, a print apparatus comprises an intermediate transfer member to receive thermoplastic print agent from a photoconductive surface, a rotatably mounted endless cleaning surface to receive a layer of thermoplastic print agent from the intermediate transfer member and a heater, to heat the endless cleaning surface. The endless cleaning surface may be to engage with the intermediate transfer member when heated to transfer residue from the intermediate transfer member to the layer of thermoplastic print agent on the endless cleaning surface.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, a transfer unit having a transfer belt, a primary transfer roller, a secondary transfer inner roller below the primary transfer roller in a vertical direction, and a stretching roller, a secondary transfer outer roller, a support unit, and an air duct provided in the transfer unit. The secondary transfer outer roller faces the secondary transfer inner roller via the transfer belt and forms a nip portion for secondarily transferring a toner image on the transfer belt to a sheet. The air duct is located downstream of the nip portion in a sheet conveyance direction and below a portion of the transfer belt stretched between the secondary transfer inner roller and the stretching roller in the vertical direction. The air duct includes an air intake port and moves with the transfer unit with movement of the transfer unit from the support unit.

A cleaning device includes a blade-shaped cleaning member of which a tip formed by an elastic body is arranged to be pressed against an endless belt and that cleans a surface of the endless belt; and a driven roller that is arranged to face the cleaning member via the endless belt and is driven and rotated with movement of the endless belt and of which an outer peripheral surface is formed by an elastic body.

A cleaning device includes: a cleaning brush that has bristles that rotate and contact a surface, to which toner has adhered, of a cleaning member to be cleaned, the cleaning brush removing the toner adhered to the surface of the cleaning member; a first contact member that contacts the bristles without a position of the first contact member relative to a position of the cleaning brush being changed; and a second contact member that contacts the bristles at a location downstream from the first contact member in a direction of rotation of the cleaning brush and without a position of the second contact member relative to the position of the cleaning brush being changed, and that is disposed on an extension line extended from a line between an axial center of the cleaning brush and a base of the bristles that move away from the first contact member.

A transfer device includes an intermediate transfer member that has an outer peripheral surface to which a toner image is to be transferred, a primary transfer device that has a primary transfer member performing primary transfer of a toner image formed on a surface of an image holder to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member, a secondary transfer device that has a secondary transfer member which is arranged in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member and performs secondary transfer of the toner image transferred to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member to a surface of a recording medium, and a cleaning device that has a cleaning blade cleaning the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer member, in which a coefficient D of dynamic friction between the intermediate transfer member and the cleaning blade is 0.2 or more and 1.2 or less, a lead-in angle A that a contact portion of the cleaning blade coming into contact with the intermediate transfer member forms with the intermediate transfer member is 15° or more and 80° or less, and the coefficient D of dynamic friction and the lead-in angle A satisfy Expression (1),

lead-in angle A−(50×coefficient D of dynamic friction)>0  Expression (1).

An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes a layer made of an acrylic copolymer. A plurality of grooves is formed in the layer along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer member across a width direction of the intermediate transfer member. A groove distance that is an average distance between adjoining grooves of the plurality of grooves in the width direction of the intermediate transfer member is 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes a layer made of an acrylic copolymer. A plurality of grooves is formed in the layer along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer member across a width direction of the intermediate transfer member. A groove distance that is an average distance between adjoining grooves of the plurality of grooves in the width direction of the intermediate transfer member is 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

A cleaning device may include a cleaning blade that is in contact with an image carrier for cleaning, an applicating roller that is in contact with the image carrier at a position upstream compared to the cleaning blade, and a plate-like member that is in contact with the applicating roller. The plate-like member may be in contact with the applicating roller at a contact part which is not an edge of the plate-like member and may be arranged such that a space for reserving the toner is formed on an upper side of the contact part. An angle between a tangent line that passes the upper end of the plate-like member and touches the applicating roller on an upper side and a horizontal line that passes the upper end of the plate-like member may be larger than an angle of rupture of the toner reserved in the space.

An image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes a layer made of an acrylic copolymer. A plurality of grooves is formed in the layer along a moving direction of the intermediate transfer member across a width direction of the intermediate transfer member. A groove distance that is an average distance between adjoining grooves of the plurality of grooves in the width direction of the intermediate transfer member is 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less.