A fixing member includes a surface layer having a sliding angle of 25 degrees or less at 150 C. with respect to a Fischer-Tropsch wax having a melting point of 90 C. and a penetration of 3 ( 1/10 mm).

A fixing rotating member, containing a resin base material, a heat generating layer extending on an outer peripheral surface of the resin base material, a silicon dioxide layer on an outer peripheral surface of the heat generating layer and on the outer peripheral surface of the resin base material in a region where the heat generating layer is not provided, and a resin layer on an outer peripheral surface of the silicon dioxide layer. The heat generating layer includes silver, the heat generating layer has a hole having an opening at a surface thereof facing the resin layer, the hole being at least partially filled with silicon dioxide, and the heat generating layer has pores.

A film contains a resin and a siloxane compound having a structure A represented by Formula: [RSiO.sub.1.5].sub.n (provided that in the formula, R represents an organic group and n represents an integer of 2 or more), where at least one R among plural R's in the structure A is a group including an alkyl group and a difference in solubility parameter (SP value) between the resin and the structure A is 3.0 or less in terms of an absolute value, and a proportion of the group including the alkyl group in the siloxane compound is 10 mol % or more and 50 mol % or less.

A fixing rotator including an endless shaped base layer, an elastic layer at an outer peripheral surface side of the base layer, and a surface layer fixed to an outer peripheral surface side of the elastic layer via an adhesive layer, wherein an internal stress B of a sample taken from the surface layer, as represented by a specific formula, is 3.0% or less.

A fixing apparatus comprising: a fixing film having an endless shape, a pressurizing member disposed to face the fixing film and configured to form a nip with the fixing film, and a heating member disposed inside of the fixing film, having a facing surface facing an inner circumferential surface of the fixing film, and configured to bias the fixing film against the pressurizing member, and a fluorine grease interposed between the inner circumferential surface and the facing surface, wherein the fixing film has at least a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer in this order, the surface layer comprises a PFA, the surface layer comprises a plurality of spherulites of the PFA, and in an endothermic curve measured with a specific condition by a DSC, using a sample sampled from the surface layer, an endothermic quantity in a temperature rising process is 21 J/g or more.

A fixing unit includes a rotary member including a conductive layer and having a tubular shape extending in a longitudinal direction, a coil configured to generate an alternating magnetic field to generate heat in the conductive layer, and a core disposed inside the rotary member and configured to guide magnetic field lines of the alternating magnetic field. The core is constituted by a plurality of divided cores aligned along the longitudinal direction. At least one of the plurality of divided cores is formed in a columnar shape having an aspect ratio of 1:5 or less between a maximum width in a cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and a length in the longitudinal direction, and is made of compacted magnetic core material disposed such that a hard-magnetization axis thereof is oriented in an intersection direction intersecting the longitudinal direction.