An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing unit to develop an electrostatic latent image at a developing portion, a transfer unit to transfer a developer image to a recording member at a transfer portion; and a brush provided with a plurality of fibers contacting the image bearing member at downstream of the transfer portion and upstream of the developing portion in a rotational direction of the image bearing member. An average contacting pressure of the brush per one fiber to the image bearing member is smaller than a depositing force of the developer not transferred to the recording member to the image bearing member. As the brush in a state of not in contact with the image bearing member is viewed from a free end side of the fibers, an average number of the fibers included in a circumference of a diameter of 100 μm is more than one.

An imaging system includes an image carrier, a charging device to form a toner image by charging a surface of the image carrier, a polishing roller, and a control device. A discharge product is generated on the surface of the image carrier as a result of charging the image carrier, and the polishing roller polishes the discharge product generated on the surface of the image carrier. The control device controls a polishing operation of the polishing roller in response to one or more detected characteristics.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing unit to develop an electrostatic latent image at a developing portion, a transfer unit to transfer a developer image to a recording member at a transfer portion; and a brush provided with a plurality of fibers contacting the image bearing member at downstream of the transfer portion and upstream of the developing portion in a rotational direction of the image bearing member. An average contacting pressure of the brush per one fiber to the image bearing member is smaller than a depositing force of the developer not transferred to the recording member to the image bearing member. As the brush in a state of not in contact with the image bearing member is viewed from a free end side of the fibers, an average number of the fibers included in a circumference of a diameter of 100 μm is more than one.

In an image forming apparatus, a cleaning blade, disposed on a downstream side of a transfer roller in a rotation direction of an image carrier, removes toner remaining on the image carrier after transfer of a toner image to an intermediate transfer member. After completion of an image forming operation, a controller causes the transfer roller to separate from the intermediate transfer member, cause the developing device to form on the image carrier a toner band to be supplied to the cleaning blade, and cause rotation of the image carrier to stop such that at least a part of the toner band formed on the image carrier stops within a section from a first position facing the transfer roller to a second position facing the cleaning blade in the rotation direction.

A cleaning rod includes a rod-like member, a slidable portion which is provided on a free end side of the rod-like member with respect to a direction in which the cleaning rod is inserted and which is slidable on a light emergent surface of a lens of an image forming apparatus, and a restricting portion configured to restrict movement of the slidable portion in a direction away from the light emergent surface with respect to an optical axis direction by contacting the holder at each of free ends of opposing wall portions of a holder of the image forming apparatus from a side opposite from a side where a photosensitive member of the image forming apparatus is provided with respect to the optical axis direction in a state in which the slidable portion contacts the light emergent surface.

A foreign substance collection apparatus includes: a frame body; a photosensitive drum; a cleaning roller which collects foreign substances from a surface of the photosensitive drum; a collecting roller which further collects the foreign substances having been collected by the cleaning roller from the cleaning roller; and a scraping member which scrapes off the foreign substances from the collecting roller. A foreign substance collecting portion included in the frame body has, in a posture during use: a first inner bottom surface which is positioned below the scraping member in a gravity direction; an outer bottom surface which is positioned further below the first inner bottom surface; and a connecting surface which intersects the first inner bottom surface and the outer bottom surface and which connects the first inner bottom surface and the outer bottom surface with each other.

An image reading device includes a reader, a transparent member, an opposing member, first and second conveyance rotators, and circuitry. The reader reads a sheet. The transparent member is disposed between the reader and the sheet. The opposing member is disposed facing the reader via the transparent member. The first conveyance rotator is disposed upstream from the reader in a conveyance direction of the sheet. The second conveyance rotator is disposed downstream from the reader in the conveyance direction. The circuitry cause the first conveyance rotator and the second conveyance rotator to convey a cleaning sheet at respective conveying speeds different from each other and bring the cleaning sheet into contact with at least one of the transparent member or the opposing member.

Each of first and second glasses to be cleaned has a first edge and a second edge. A cleaning system has a cleaning member having a contact surface adapted to contact a surface of the glass, and first and second holders that hold the cleaning member. A drive system moves the holder so as to perform an outward cleaning moving from the first edge toward the second edge and a return cleaning returning from the second edge to the first edge. At a start position of the outward cleaning, the holder is stopped so that a portion of the contact surface of the cleaning member is positioned inside the first edge, and at a start position of the return cleaning, the holder is stopped so that a portion of the contact surface is positioned inside the second edge.

A print apparatus component to be cleaned is rotated about a rotational axis. A cleaning element having a cleaning surface in contact with the print apparatus component is rotated. The cleaning element is oscillated in a direction parallel to the rotational axis. Rotation and oscillation of the cleaning element are varied according to a predetermined function to remove a residue from the print apparatus component.

A cleaning member that is used in an image forming apparatus and that is inserted from outside the image forming apparatus, the apparatus including a holding body that holds a substrate on which light emitting elements that expose a photosensitive drum are aligned and that holds lenses, the cleaning member including a rod-shaped rhabdoid formed of resin, a cleaning portion provided in the rhabdoid to clean a light emission surface of each lens, the cleaning portion moving together with the rhabdoid inserted in the image forming apparatus and opposing the light emission surface in an optical axis direction of the lens, and a magnet provided on the rhabdoid, the magnet emitting magnetic force that generates force drawing the holding body thereto so that the cleaning portion continues to contact the light emission surface.