An optical scanning device includes a housing, a transmissive member, a linear member, a drive portion, a guide rail, a cleaning holder, a cleaning member, a detection portion, and a control portion. The detection portion includes a light emitter that emits light in a juxtaposition direction of the transmissive member and a light receiver that receives the light emitted from the light emitter. The cleaning holder includes a light blocking portion that is located, when the cleaning holder reaches one end part of a movement path thereof, between the light emitter and the light receiver so as to block the light emitted from the light emitter, with a gap formed between the light blocking portion and the housing. The housing includes a light leakage prevention portion formed between the light emitter and the light receiver.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charging member, a development member, a developer accommodating portion, a first acquiring portion which acquires developer amount information related to an amount of the developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion, a second acquiring portion which acquires development drive information related to a movement distance of a surface of the development member, and a control portion which is capable of executing a first mode and a second mode, whose frequency of driving the development member lower than that of the first mode, as an image forming mode. The control portion proposes or determines a change from the first mode to the second mode of the image forming mode on the basis of the developer amount information and the development drive information.

An image forming apparatus includes a toner image bearer, a transfer device, a cleaner, a bias power source, and circuitry. The toner image bearer bears a toner image. The transfer device performs a transfer process. The cleaner contacts the toner image bearer to remove transfer residual toner that is subject to the transfer process and remove untransferred toner that is not subject to the transfer process. The bias power source applies one of a first bias and a second bias different from the first bias to the cleaner. The circuitry controls the bias power source to output the first bias to the cleaner in response to a start of an image forming operation to remove the untransferred toner from the toner image bearer and control the bias power source to switch an output from the first bias to the second bias.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a cleaning device detachably provided on a main assembly to clean toner remaining on the image bearing member, a main assembly feeding portion detachably provided on the main assembly to feed the toner discharged from the cleaning device, a collecting container detachably provided on the main assembly to collect the toner discharged from the main assembly feeding portion, a control portion, and an operating portion capable of inputting a predetermined instruction to the operating portion. Without an image forming operation based on the predetermined instruction, the control portion performs a discharging operation in which the main assembly feeding portion is caused to be driven to discharge the toner inside of the main assembly feeding portion.

Provided is an image forming apparatus that forms a toner image by developing an electrostatic latent image which is formed by charging and exposing an image bearing member, and transfers the toner image onto a transferred member. The image forming apparatus can perform developer collection to return a toner image on the image bearing member to developing unit. The image forming apparatus sets a first area in accordance with the toner density and a second area in which density is higher than the first area, along a rotating shaft direction in a collected area which is a target of developer collection, and performs control so that a second back contrast in the second area is higher than a first back contrast in the first area in a case of the developer collection.