An image forming apparatus includes a controller, a drum cartridge and a toner cartridge. The controller is configured to perform determining a value of a first initial developing bias for a first toner cartridge based on a cumulative number of drum rotations that is stored in a drum memory of the drum cartridge at the time when the cumulative dot count stored in the toner memory of the first toner cartridge is equal to zero. After determining the first initial developing bias, the controller is configured to perform determining a value of a second initial developing bias for a second toner cartridge based on the cumulative number of drum rotations that is stored in the drum memory at the time when the cumulative dot count stored in the toner memory of the second toner cartridge is equal to zero.

A developer cartridge includes a housing, a developing roller, an agitator, a memory, and a cover. The housing is configured to store toner therein and has one end portion and the other end portion in a first direction. The developing roller is rotatable about a first axis extending in the first direction. The agitator is rotatable about a second axis extending in the first direction. The agitator is positioned spaced apart from the developing roller. The memory includes an electrical contact surface. The electrical contact surface is positioned at an outer surface of the housing and at the one end portion of the housing in the first direction, and is disposed between the developing roller and the agitator in a second direction from the first axis toward the second axis. The cover has an opening open in the second direction and covers the electrical contact surface.

A system and method for determining print cartridge authenticity in a printer includes an electrostatic process unit with a photoconductive drum configured to selectively generate a toner pattern from an associated toner cartridge based at least in part on electronic data associated with the toner cartridge. A transfer belt receives the toner pattern from the photoconductive drum and a sensor sensing the toner pattern on the transfer belt. A processor compares the toner pattern with a sensed toner pattern and generates an error condition when the toner pattern does not substantially match the sensed toner pattern. The toner includes an infrared reflective additive or an ultraviolet fluorescing additive and the sensor is configured to sense in the infrared or ultraviolet frequencies. The processor is configured to generate an error condition when the additive is not sensed by the sensor.

An electronic apparatus includes an attachment mechanism to which an attachment unit is detachably attachable and a processor. The processor is configured to perform a determination operation to determine whether or not an attachment unit attached to the attachment mechanism is of a specific type, and transmit a determination result of the determination operation.

A printer apparatus comprises one or more ports (201.sub.1 to 201.sub.M) for receiving one or more colorant units (INK.sub.1 to INK.sub.N), and a processing unit. The processing unit is adapted to determine which one or more colorant units (INK.sub.1 to INK.sub.N) have been loaded into the printer apparatus. The processing unit is adapted to retrieve colorant information from each loaded colorant unit (INK.sub.1 to INK.sub.N), and determine an ink-set configuration using the colorant information retrieved from each loaded colorant unit (INK.sub.1 to INK.sub.N). Operation of the printer apparatus is configured according to the determined colorant-set configuration.

A toner container includes a container body, an opening, a cover, a toner discharge port, a shutter, a cylindrical structure, protrusions, and an identifier. The shutter is attached to the cover and includes a main shutter covering the toner discharge port. The main shutter moves between a closed position to close the toner discharge port and an open position to open the toner discharge port. The protrusions are on both sides of the cover and protrude in a direction orthogonal to a toner container mounting direction. The identifier is on the cover to indicate a toner color. The cylindrical structure's leading end is downstream of leading ends of the protrusions in the mounting direction. The main shutter's leading end is downstream of the protrusions' leading ends in the mounting direction when the main shutter is in the closed position. The protrusions are downstream of the identifier in the mounting direction.

The present disclosure discloses a method for reusing an ink cartridge, a system thereof, a readable storage medium and a reused ink cartridge, which belong to ink cartridge in printing field. The method includes detecting each of a plurality of heating elements in the ink cartridge, wherein the plurality of heating elements are located on both sides of nozzles of the ink cartridge; determining one of the plurality of heating elements which is not matched with a printer as a target heating element according to detecting result; and burning out the target heating element. Therefore, the target heating element will not be detected, the ink cartridge will match with the printer in new version, resulting in the ink cartridge can be reused and applied in the printer in new version.

A developer cartridge according to one aspect is attachable to a photoconductor unit that comprises a photoconductive drum. The developer cartridge may comprise a main body having an opening, the main body comprising an electric circuit, a front cover configured to move to an opening position in which the opening of the main body is exposed and to a closing position in which the opening of the main body is closed, a first terminal electrically connected to the electric circuit, a photosensitive drum, and a developer cartridge comprising a developing roller, developing frame having a pressed portion, memory unit and second terminal. The front cover may include a pressing portion configured to press the pressed portion of the developing frame in a direction from the developing roller toward the photosensitive drum, and wherein the second terminal faces to the front cover when the front cover is in the closed position.

A toner container includes a container body, an opening, a cover, a toner discharge port, a shutter, a cylindrical structure, protrusions, and an identifier. The shutter is attached to the cover and includes a main shutter covering the toner discharge port. The main shutter moves between a closed position to close the toner discharge port and an open position to open the toner discharge port. The protrusions are on both sides of the cover and protrude in a direction orthogonal to a toner container mounting direction. The identifier is on the cover to indicate a toner color. The cylindrical structure's leading end is downstream of leading ends of the protrusions in the mounting direction. The main shutter's leading end is downstream of the protrusions' leading ends in the mounting direction when the main shutter is in the closed position. The protrusions are downstream of the identifier in the mounting direction.

An image forming apparatus having a first mode and a second mode with respectively different rotational peripheral velocity ratios of a developer bearing member, stores a first lifetime threshold value of a developing apparatus corresponding to the first mode and a second lifetime threshold value of the developing apparatus corresponding to the second mode, updates a lifetime determination value of a developing apparatus on the basis of drive amount information when the developer bearing member operates in the first mode and second modes, performs a first determination related to a lifetime in the first mode on the basis of the first lifetime threshold value and the lifetime determination value, performs a second determination related to a lifetime in the second mode on the basis of the second lifetime threshold value and the lifetime determination value, and makes a notification on the basis of determination results.