A method of calculating a hologram having an amplitude and a phase component. The method comprises (i) receiving an input image comprising a plurality of data values representing amplitude. The method then comprises (ii) assigning a random phase value to each data value of the plurality of data values to form a complex data set. The method then comprises (iii) performing an inverse Fourier transform of the complex data set. The method then comprises (iv) constraining each complex data value (X1, X2) of the transformed complex data set to one of a plurality of allowable complex data values (GL1-GL8), each comprising an amplitude modulation value and a phase modulation value, to form a hologram, wherein, the phase modulation values (GL1-GL7) of the plurality of allowable complex data values substantially span at least 3π/2 and at least one of the allowable complex data values has an amplitude modulation value of substantially zero (GL8) and a phase modulation value of substantially zero.

An apparatus and method to produce a hologram of an object includes an electromagnetic radiation assembly configured to receive a received electromagnetic radiation, such as light, from the object. The electromagnetic radiation assembly is further configured to diffract the received electromagnetic radiation and transmit a diffracted electromagnetic radiation. An image capture assembly is configured to capture an image of the diffracted electromagnetic radiation and produce the hologram of the object from the captured image.

There is provided a lighting device arranged to produce a controllable light beam for illuminating a scene. The device comprises an addressable spatial light modulator arranged to provide a selectable phase delay distribution to a beam of incident light. The device further comprises Fourier optics arranged to receive phase-modulated light from the spatial light modulator and form a light distribution. The device further comprises projection optics arranged to project the light distribution to form a pattern of illumination as said controllable light beam.

Provided are a light deflector and a light output device including the light deflector, the light deflector including a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer that are spaced apart from each other and facing each other, and a deflection layer configured to deflect incident light thereon based on a voltage applied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer includes a plurality of electrode elements that are spaced apart from each other, and a resistor that is in contact with at least part of the plurality of electrode elements and in which a voltage drop is generated.

An illumination system is arranged to output a light beam for illuminating a scene. The system comprises a spatial light modulator arranged to receive incident light, and to output light comprising a first component and a second component. The first component comprises incident light that is output without modulation by the spatial light modulator. The second component comprises incident light that is spatially-modulated according to a hologram and output by the spatial light modulator. A control device is operable to control the proportion of light output by the spatial light modulator that corresponds to the second component.

A device for combining light beams which interact with adjacently arranged pixels of a light modulator, having a beam splitting component, a beam combining component, and a beam superposition component. The beam splitting component is configured such that incident light beams are split into a first subbeam and a second subbeam so that the first subbeam propagates toward a first pixel of the light modulator and the second subbeam propagates toward a second pixel of the light modulator. The beam combining component is configured and arranged so that the first subbeam and the second subbeam are combined after interaction with pixels of the light modulator. The beam splitting component and the beam combining component are configured and arranged in such a way that a sum of optical path lengths of the first subbeam and the second subbeam is respectively constant for different angles of incidence.

A printing device (106) includes a laser source and a LCOS-SLM (Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator). The printing device generates a laser control signal and a LCOS-SLM control signal. The laser source (110) generates a plurality of incident laser beams based on the laser control signal. The LCOS-SLM (112) receives the plurality of incident laser beams, modulates the plurality of incident laser beams based on the LCOS-SLM control signal to generate a plurality of holographic wavefronts (214,216) from the modulated plurality of incident laser beams. Each holographic wavefront forms at least one corresponding focal point. The printing device cures a surface layer or sub-surface layer (406) of a target material (206) at interference points of focal points of the plurality of holographic wavefronts. The cured surface layer of the target material forms a three-dimensional printed content.

A logic circuit comprising a logic sub-circuit arranged to output a stream, S1, of Fresnel lens values, F(x), of a Fresnel lens for display on [m×n] pixels of a pixelated display device. In a first step, the logic circuit is arranged to set an initial data value stored in a first data register unit of the logic sub-circuit to (a−k).sup.2 and set an initial data value stored in a second data register unit of the logic sub-circuit to a.sup.2−(a−k).sup.2. In a second step the logic circuit is arranged to read the initial data value stored in the first data register unit and the initial data value stored in the second data register unit in a first iteration, and to read the data value stored in the first data register unit in the preceding iteration and the data value stored in the second data register unit in the preceding iteration, in a further iteration. In a third step, the logic circuit is arranged to sum the data value read from the first data register unit and the data value read from the second data register unit to form x.sup.2. In a fourth step, the logic circuit is arranged to calculate F(x) based on x.sup.2. In a fifth step, the logic circuit is arranged to output F(x) as the next value in the stream of F(x) values. In a sixth step, the logic circuit is arranged to write x.sup.2 to the first data register unit. In a seventh step, the logic circuit is arranged to add 2k.sup.2 to the value stored in the second data register unit. In an eighth step, the logic circuit is arranged to perform further iterations that repeat the second to seventh steps for x=a+k, a+2k, a+3k . . . a+(n−1)k, wherein a is the starting value of x, k is an increment in x and F(a) is the first value of stream, S1.

A quantum communications system may include a transmitter node, a receiver node, and a quantum communications channel coupling the transmitter node and receiver node. The receiver node may be configured to arrange a received bit stream of optical pulses from the transmitter node into time bins, convert the optical pulses in the time bins into corresponding optical pulses in frequency bins, and detect respective optical pulse values from each of the frequency bins.

The invention relates to a light modulation device for a display for representing two- and/or three-dimensional image content or image sequences. The light modulation device comprises a light modulator and a controller. The phase and/or the amplitude of a light wave field, which is substantially collimated, can be varied by means of the light modulator depending on the location of the light modulator. The light modulator can be actuated by means of the control device. According to the invention, in the direction of propagation of the light wave field, at least one diffracting unit is arranged downstream of the light modulator. The diffracting unit has a variable diffracting structure. By means of the diffracting structure, the light wave field varied by the light modulator can be diffracted in a variable and predeterminable manner. Further, the present invention relates to a display and a method for producing a light modulation device.