An optical film including a recording surface on which a plurality of unit blocks is disposed at regular intervals. For these unit blocks, phase components of light from a reconstruction point are calculated. The recording surface includes a calculated element region provided with an array of the unit blocks for which phase components of light from the reconstruction point are calculated for reproduction of an image. A first image is a monotone reconstruction image having even brightness, and a second image is a grayscale image having brightness gradation.

An optical waveguide is provided. The optical waveguide includes a base structure and a plurality of grating structures disposed at the base structure. The grating structures include a plurality of in-coupling grating structures configured to couple a plurality of lights into the optical waveguide. At least one of a grating period or a slant angle of a first in-coupling grating structure is different from at least one of a corresponding grating period or a corresponding slant angle of a second in-coupling grating structure. The grating structures also include a plurality of out-coupling grating structures configured to couple the lights out of the optical waveguide.

An integrated three-dimensional display includes a recording surface which includes a calculated element region in which phase components of light from light converging points of a holographic reconstructed image are calculated, and a phase angle recorded area for recording a phase angle calculated based on the phase components. The phase angle recorded area includes a plurality of monochromatic regions having a uneven structure surface. The phase angle is recorded in an overlap area in which the calculated element region and the phase angle recorded area overlap each other. Light converges on the light converging points at specific distances from the recording surface, the specific distances being determined for the respective light converging points even when light reflected from the plurality of monochromatic regions converges.

Metasurfaces provide compact optical elements in head-mounted display systems to, e.g., incouple light into or outcouple light out of a waveguide. The metasurfaces may be formed by a plurality of repeating unit cells, each unit cell comprising two sets or more of nanobeams elongated in crossing directions: one or more first nanobeams elongated in a first direction and a plurality of second nanobeams elongated in a second direction. As seen in a top-down view, the first direction may be along a y-axis, and the second direction may be along an x-axis. The unit cells may have a periodicity in the range of 10 nm to 1 μm, including 10 nm to 500 nm or 300 nm to 500 nm. Advantageously, the metasurfaces provide diffraction of light with high diffraction angles and high diffraction efficiencies over a broad range of incident angles and for incident light with circular polarization.

A computerized system for uniquely tagging and verifying authenticity of an article comprising: an object having a curvature; a computer system adapted to: receive a three-dimensional predetermined image, create a holographic interference pattern created according to the three-dimensional predetermined image and the curvature wherein the holographic interference pattern is applied to the object, project a three-dimensional resulting image projected on a planar surface in response to the holographic interference pattern being illuminated wherein the computer system receives the three-dimensional resulting image, create validation information according to a comparison of the three-dimensional predetermined image and the three-dimensional resulting image

The present invention relates to a layered structure containing at least one layer (i) comprising a thermoplastic material and at least one further layer (ii) comprising a thermoplastic material bearing at least one embossed hologram, to a process for producing such layer composites and to security documents, in particular identification documents, having the layered structure according to the invention.

An optical device is formed by hot stamping a demetallized hologram to an optically variable foil or to a coating of optically variable ink. In another embodiment a hologram is hot stamped to a banknote or document printed with a color-shifting ink.

An optical device is formed by hot stamping a demetallized hologram to an optically variable foil or to a coating of optically variable ink. In another embodiment a hologram is hot stamped to a banknote or document printed with a color-shifting ink.

A device for producing a master diffraction grating includes a light source unit and a reflecting member 11. The light source unit forms a first interference fringe by irradiating a substrate surface of a master substrate 101 with light. The reflecting member 11 reflects the light from the light source unit reflected on the substrate surface of the master substrate 101 and guides the light again to the substrate surface side to form a second interference fringe. A resist pattern based on the first interference fringe and the second interference fringe is formed on the substrate surface of the master substrate 101.

Embodiments herein describe a sub-micron 3D diffractive optics element and a method for forming the sub-micron 3D diffractive optics element. In a first embodiment, a method is provided for forming a sub-micron 3D diffractive optics element on a substrate without planarization. The method includes depositing a material stack to be patterned on a substrate, depositing and patterning a thick mask material on a portion of the material stack, etching the material stack down one level, trimming a side portion of the thick mask material, etching the material stack down one more level, repeating trim and etch steps above ‘n’ times, and stripping the thick mask material from the material stack.