The present invention discloses a non-interferometric, non-iterative complex amplitude reading method and apparatus. The reading method includes the following steps: diffracting a light beam containing amplitude information and phase information to obtain a diffraction pattern with intensity variations; constructing a diffraction intensity-complex amplitude model and training it based on the correlation between the diffraction pattern and amplitude information and phase information, and applying the trained model directly to new diffraction images to obtain amplitude information and phase information. The method can achieve detection of complex amplitude information, including amplitude and phase, from a single diffraction image, improve the stability and accuracy of phase reading results, increase the calculation speed, and simplify the optical system. It is suitable for applications in holographic storage, biomedical image processing, and microscopic imaging, among others.

A Quantitative Phase Imaging system uses acoustic pressure waves and has capability to measure the nano-mechanical disturbances formed on the cell. By means of the obtained images, cell hardness can be measured and the pato-physiologic features of the cancer cells shall be characterized. By means of this method where mechanical interaction is not directly used, it is aimed to display the characteristic vibration rings formed by the acoustic vibration rings on the cancer sample.

An electromagnetic wave phase/amplitude generation device includes a radiation unit configured to radiate electromagnetic waves of a random radiation pattern on a spatial frequency in which a state of the electromagnetic waves to be radiated for each divided region is determined to an imaging object, an imaging unit configured to generate a captured image by imaging scattered electromagnetic waves that are electromagnetic waves generated when the imaging object scatters the electromagnetic waves of the radiation pattern radiated by the radiation unit, and a generation unit configured to generate information indicating at least a phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic waves from the imaging object by performing an arithmetic sparsity constraint operation according to sparsity of the imaging object on the basis of the captured image generated by the imaging unit, information indicating the radiation pattern, and information indicating a signal of the imaging object.

An optical scanning holography system includes a polarization-sensitive lens configured to receive a linearly polarized beam and generate a first spherical wave of right-handed circular polarized light having a negative focal length and a second spherical wave of left-handed circular polarized light having a positive focal length, a first polarizer configured to pass only a beam component therethrough in a predetermined polarization direction among components of the generated first and second spherical waves, a scanning unit configured to scan an object by using an interference beam generated between the first and second spherical waves passing through the first polarizer, and a first photodetector configured to detect a beam reflected from the object.

A method is presented for determining a phase of an input beam (110, E.sub.in) without a reference ray. In the method, an input beam (110, E.sub.in) having a plurality of input rays is split into a main beam (112, E1) and a reference beam (114, E2) in such a way that each input ray is split into a main ray of the main beam (112, E1) and a comparative ray of the reference beam (114, E2). The main beam (112, E1) is propagated along a first interferometer arm, and the reference beam (114, E2) is propagated along the second interferometer arm. The propagated main beam (112, E1) and the propagated reference beam (114, E2) are superposed to form an interference beam having a plurality of interference rays. The propagation along the first and second interferometer arms is carried out such that at least one interference ray of the interference beam is a superposition of a main ray of the propagated main beam (112, E1) assigned to a first input ray of the input beam (110, E.sub.in), and of a comparative ray of the propagated reference beam (114, E2) assigned to a second input ray of the input beam (110, E.sub.in) different from the first input ray.

Systems and methods for a camera system for imaging a diffuse medium such as mammalian tissue are provided herein. In one example, a camera system includes a light source configured to emit light, a first beam splitter positioned to split the emitted light into a reference beam and a transmission beam; an aperture though which the transmission beam traverses en route to an object, and where an object beam formed from light reflected off the object is configured to travel back through the aperture, a concave lens, a convex lens, a second beam splitter positioned intermediate the concave lens and the convex lens, and a detector. The detector is configured to receive at least a portion of the object beam and a portion of the reference beam to capture an image of an interference between the reference beam and the object beam.

The invention relates to a method for observing a sample (15), comprising the illumination of the sample using a light source (11) and the acquisition of an image (Io) of the sample using an image sensor (16), the sample being disposed between the image sensor and the light source. Iterative steps are applied to the acquired image (Io), also referred to as a hologram, comprising: a single iterative numerical propagation (h), such as to estimate a complex image (A) of the sample in a reconstruction plane (P10) or in a detection plane (P0), in which the image sensor extends. The complex image can be used for the characterisation of the sample.

An illumination unit emits an illumination light to a specimen. An image sensor includes multiple pixels arranged in a two-dimensional manner. The image sensor captures an image of the intensity distribution of an interference pattern formed due to the illumination light that has interacted with the specimen, and outputs image data. A defect information acquisition unit acquires defect position information that indicates the positions of defective pixels of the image sensor. A processing unit reconstructs a subject image that represents the specimen based on the image data and the defect position information.

A totagram is produced by an iterative spectral phase recovery process resulting in complete information recovery using special masks, without a reference beam. Using these special masking systems reduce computation time, number of masks, and number of iterations. The special masking system is (1) a unity mask together with one or more bipolar binary masks with elements equal to 1 and ?1, or (2) a unity mask together with one or more phase masks, or (3) a unity mask together with one pair of masks or more than one pair of masks having binary amplitudes of 0's and 1's, in which the masks in the pair are complementary to each other with respect to amplitude, or (4) one or more pairs of complementary masks with binary amplitudes of 0's and 1's without a unity mask.

The invention relates to a method for observing a sample, in particular an anatomopathological slide formed from a thin thickness of a sampled biological tissue. It includes a step of illuminating the sample with a light source and acquiring, with an image sensor, an image representing the light transmitted by the sample. The image undergoes holographic reconstruction, so as to obtain a representation, in the plane of the sample, of the light wave transmitted by the latter. The method includes applying an impregnating fluid to the sample, such that the sample is impregnated with said impregnating liquid, said impregnating liquid having a refractive index strictly higher than 1.