A method for observing a sample includes illuminating the sample with a light source and forming a plurality of images, by an imager, the images representing the light transmitted by the sample in different spectral bands. From each image, a complex amplitude representative of the light wave transmitted by the sample is determined in a determined spectral band. The method further includes backpropagation of each complex amplitude in a plane passing through the sample, determining a weighting function from the back-propagated complex amplitudes, propagating the weighting function in a plane along which the matrix photodetector extends, updating each complex amplitude, in the plane of the sample, according to the weighting function propagated.

A focus modulation optical system and a holographic display device having the focus modulation optical system are disclosed. The holographic display device includes a light source configured to emit a plurality of color lights, a focus modulation optical system including at least one variable focus lens that is configured to change a focusing position of incident light by electrical control of the at least one variable focus lens based on a color of light incident on the variable focus lens, and a spatial light modulator configured to form a holographic image by diffracting light output from the focus modulation optical system.

Provided is a holographic display apparatus including a light source configured to emit light; a spatial light modulator configured to sequentially generate hologram patterns for modulating the light and to sequentially reproduce frames of hologram images based on the hologram patterns; and a controller configured to provide hologram data signals to the spatial light modulator, the hologram data signals being used to sequentially generate the hologram patterns. The controller is configured to further provide, to the spatial light modulator, diffraction pattern data signals for forming periodic diffraction patterns for adjusting locations of the hologram images to be reproduced on a hologram image plane, the diffraction pattern data signals being configured to move the periodic diffraction patterns on the spatial light modulator along a predetermined direction for each of the frames.

Various embodiments are generally directed to techniques for processing holographic recording media. Some embodiments are particularly directed to processing a raw holographic recording medium into an apodized holographic recording medium. For example, a raw holographic recording medium may include a plurality of photosensitive molecules uniformly distributed throughout that are able to record an interference pattern to create a hologram. However, when a photosensitive molecule is desensitized, such as by exposure to incoherent light, its photosensitivity is lost and the molecule may no longer be able to record an interference pattern of coherent light. Various embodiments described herein may include an apodized holographic recording medium that has been exposed to incoherent light in a manner to desensitize some photosensitive molecules therein such that the remaining photosensitive molecules have a non-uniform distribution.

A holographic lighting apparatus includes at least two channels for the respective associated lighting functions. Each channel includes an edge-lit arrangement with an incoupling surface for coupling light from a light source into the arrangement, and an outcoupling surface; and a light source. The edge-lit arrangements of the channels are all included in a monolithic component having a common outcoupling surface, and each channel is arranged so as to be rotated about a surface normal of the outcoupling surface along an azimuthal arrangement angle. The component has at least one holographic structure for generating the lighting function of the relevant channel when said structure is illuminated by the light source of the channel. Also provided are a vehicle including a corresponding lighting apparatus, the use of the lighting apparatus as a display in a vehicle, and the lighting apparatus as an LED collimator.

An authentication medium includes a sheet-like laminate sheet; a first region that is formed on the laminate sheet and where personal identification information is recorded; and a second region that is formed on the laminate sheet and has a hologram structure where check data associated with first individual information is recorded.

A low-cost digital holography microscope (DHM) that is capable of performing inspection at high speed while accurately inspecting an inspection object at high resolution, an inspection method using the DHM, and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device by using the DHM are provided. The DHM includes: a light source configured to generate and output light; a beam splitter configured to cause the light to be incident on an inspection object and output reflected light from the inspection object; and a detector configured to detect the reflected light, wherein, when the reflected light includes interference light, the detector generates a hologram of the interference light, and wherein no lens is present in a path from the light source to the detector.

A method of manufacturing a holographic element used in a projection device is provided. The projection device has a light source configured to emit light conforming to a non-uniform light intensity distribution function. The method includes: multiplying the non-uniform light intensity distribution function by a diffraction intensity and angle function of a grating to obtain a product function; determining whether the product function is substantially equal to 1 in a predetermined range of angle or wavelength; if the the determination result is yes, determining a pair of incident angles respectively of a reference beam and a signal beam according to the diffraction intensity and angle function; and recording a holographic material with the reference beam and the signal beam respectively at the pair of incident angles, so as to manufacture a holographic element with the grating therein.

Techniques related to generating holographic images are discussed. Such techniques include application of a hybrid system including a pre-trained deep neural network and a subsequent iterative process using a sui table propagation model to generate diffraction pattern image data for a target holographic image such that the diffraction pattern image data is to generate a holographic image when implemented via a holographic display.

The disclosure is directed to simulating forces using holographic objects. A method according to embodiments includes: generating an invisible holographic object, the invisible holographic object providing a haptic effect; displaying a visible holographic object; aligning the visible holographic object and the invisible holographic object to provide a visible and touchable combined holographic object, the combined holographic object providing the haptic effect; applying a force to the combined holographic object, the applied force causing a displacement of the combined holographic object and including an amplitude and direction; and adjusting the haptic effect of the combined holographic object to generate an adjusted haptic effect representative of an effect of the applied force on the combined holographic object.