Methods and apparatus for predicting performance of an individual on a task, the method comprises receiving brain imaging data for the individual, wherein the brain imaging data comprises structural brain data, determining values for at least one characteristic of the structural brain data within regions of interest defined for a population of individuals having different performance levels, and predicting based on the determined values, a performance potential of the individual.

Embodiments can relate to a method for detecting a physiological condition by generating a Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) contrast image comprising a T1 weighted (T1W) image/T2 weighted (T2W) ratio. Embodiments can further include using the T1W/T2W ratio to identify changes in substantia nigra pars compacta within a region of the brain.

Provided are methods of contextual decoding and/or speech decoding from the brain of a subject. The methods include decoding neural or optical signals from the cortical region of an individual, extracting context-related features and/or speech-related features from the neural or optical signals, and decoding the context-related features and/or speech-related features from the neural or optical signals. Contextual decoding and speech decoding systems and devices for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Embodiments herein include a method for detecting a brain condition in a subject. The method can include obtaining a breath sample from the subject and contacting it with a chemical sensor element, where the chemical sensor element includes a plurality of discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a sample data set and classifying the sample data set into one or more preestablished brain condition classifications. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Provided herein are methods of producing exosome mimetics that are homogenous in size and are akin to native exosomes in structure and/or biological function. Also provided herein are the use of the EMs as delivery vehicles to deliver agents (e.g., therapeutic agents or diagnostic agents) for treating or diagnosing a disease.

The present disclosure provides a system for functional ultrasound imaging, where the system comprises: a) an apparatus for delivering a nucleic acid encoding a mechanosensitive ion channel to a target neural cell population in a region of a brain; and b) a functional ultrasound imaging device. The present disclosure provides a method for functional ultrasound imaging.

A mouth guard senses impact forces and determines if the forces exceed an impact threshold. If so, the mouth guard notifies the user of the risk for injury by haptic feedback, vibratory feedback, and/or audible feedback. The mouth guard system may also remotely communicate the status of risk and the potential injury. The mouth guard uses a local memory device to store impact thresholds based on personal biometric information obtained from the user and compares the sensed forces relative to those threshold values. The mouth guard and its electrical components on the printed circuit board are custom manufactured for the user such that the mouth guard provides a comfortable and reliable fit, while ensuring exceptional performance.

A neural-signal amplifier includes an amplifier, a switched-capacitor circuit-input unit, a switched-capacitor feedback-circuit unit, and a switched-capacitor circuit-output unit. Each of the switched-capacitor circuit-input unit, the switched-capacitor feedback-circuit unit, and the switched-capacitor circuit-output unit includes a plurality of differential switches, a plurality of common mode switches, and a plurality of capacitors. By controlling the switches to turn on or performing the switched-capacitor operation, the neural-signal amplifier is controlled to suppress the DC drift and reconstruct the DC input of the common-mode power supply.

A neural probe structure includes a probe that is inserted into a subject, a body to support a rear end of the probe, at least one light source included in the body, a photo diode formed in the probe, and an optical waveguide extending from the at least one light source in the body to the photo diode of the probe, wherein the photo diode is formed at a smaller height than the optical waveguide.

Disclosed herein is a method of determining dopamine concentration at a target location in neural tissue. In several embodiments, the method comprises measuring current level in response to square wave voltammetry with a coated electrode of a neural probe implanted at the target location, wherein the coated electrode comprises a coating of poly 3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) doped with negatively charged carbon nanotubes (CNT), and comparing the measured current level to a control current level to determine the dopamine concentration at the target location.