Disclosed herein are methods that aid in the determination of whether to perform one or more advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures for a head injury by determining the presence or amount of one or more biomarkers in a sample obtained from the human subject. Also disclosed are methods of aiding in the diagnosis and evaluation of a human subject that has sustained or may have sustained an injury to the head, e.g., by assessing biomarker levels in combination with advanced MRI procedures. Further, also disclosed are methods of predicting or aiding in the prediction of the outcome of human subjects that have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as determining the course of treatment or efficacy of a course of treatment for a human subject who has suffered a TBI, e.g., by assessing biomarker levels in combination with advanced MRI procedures.

Apparatus for determining data indicative of blood oxygen levels of internal organs are disclosed. The apparatus comprising: a body comprising a contact surface for engaging with a subject in a vicinity of an internal organ of the subject; the body defining a first recess and second recess, the first and second recesses extending from the contact surface into the body, the second recess being separate from the first recess; a light source comprising a light emitting region located within the first recess and configured to emit light of at least two discreet wavelengths from the first recess of the body onto the internal organ; and a photo-detector comprising a light sensitive region located within the second recess and configured to detect light received at the second recess, wherein the detected light comprises the emitted light reflected from a region of a subject in proximity to an internal organ; wherein the apparatus is configured such that the light emitting region and the light sensitive region are set back from the contact surface by from about 1 mm to about 20 mm and nearest points of the light emitting region and the light sensitive region are separated from one another by from about 4 mm to about 20 mm, such that the detected light is indicative of blood oxygen levels in blood vessels of an outermost surface of the internal organ. Also disclosed are systems comprising the apparatus and methods utilising it for assessing internal organ health of a subject and in particular, but not exclusively, for determining blood oxygen saturation in internal organs of a subject.

An apparatus for earning out near-infrared spectroscopy using intensity-modulated near-infrared radiation or pulsed near-infrared radiation includes sources and detectors. For each source, there exists first and second distances. The first distance is a distance between the source and a first detector. The second distance is a distance between the source and the second detector. For each source, the difference between these two distances is the same. Additionally, wherein, for each source, the detector at a shorter distance is the same detector that is at a longer distance for the other source. A processor derives, from signals received by the detectors, a parameter indicative of two matched slopes. Tins parameter is either phase of the intensity-modulated near-infrared radiation or mean time-of-flight data for the pulsed near-infrared radiation. The processor then provides output data based on an average of the matched slopes. This promotes reduced sensitivity to superficial layers and enhanced sensitivity to deeper portions of a medium that is under investigation.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide for an integrated, flexible, implantable, optical neural interrogation apparatus, computer-accessible medium, system, and method for use thereof An integrated, flexible, fully-implantable, all-optical neural interrogation apparatus can include, e.g., a 2-dimensional (2D) planar array of optical photodetectors on an integrated electronic chip, the integrated electronic chip including control logic and image-capturing electronic circuitry, an amplitude or phase optical imaging mask for imaging, and a biocompatible packaging.

A mouth guard senses impact forces and determines if the forces exceed an impact threshold. If so, the mouth guard notifies the user of the risk for injury by haptic feedback, vibratory feedback, and/or audible feedback. The mouth guard system may also remotely communicate the status of risk and the potential injury. The mouth guard uses a local memory device to store impact thresholds based on personal biometric information obtained from the user and compares the sensed forces relative to those threshold values. The mouth guard and its electrical components on the printed circuit board are custom manufactured for the user such that the mouth guard provides a comfortable and reliable fit, while ensuring exceptional performance.

A faceguard is configured for measuring a human eye muscle movement response. The faceguard is configured for protecting at least one part of a human face and has an aperture for human vision through the faceguard. The faceguard comprises an eye sensor, a head orientation sensor, and an electronic circuit. The eye sensor comprises a video camera and is configured for measuring eyeball movement, pupil size, and/or eyelid movement. The head orientation sensor senses pitch and/or yaw of a person's head. The electronic circuit is responsive to the eye sensor and the head orientation sensor.

A method for generating a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil pose atlas based on electromagnetic simulating calculation includes: constructing coil array positions and orientations of a scalp in a standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space and matching the coil array positions and orientations of the scalp to a brain space of an individual to obtain coil array positions and orientations of the brain space of the individual; using a finite element calculation method to simulate the coil array positions of the brain space of the individual to obtain induced electric field distributions of brain tissue in different coil orientations; obtaining optimal regulation effects based on the induced electric field distributions of the brain tissue; and obtaining a coil position and orientation corresponding to each optimal regulation effect as an optimal coil pose of each divided brain area of the individual, and constructing a TMS coil pose atlas of the individual.

The present invention relates to an AI (Artificial Intelligence) based method for providing brain information comprising: a step 1 in which a brain signal obtaining portion of a brain signal measuring portion irradiates near-infrared ray to user's brain and detects light penetrating a cerebral cortex of the brain; a step 2 in which a brain signal processing portion of the brain signal measuring portion determines a level of oxygenation of hemoglobin in blood flow of the user's brain on the basis of the detected light; a step 3 in which a brain signal analyzing portion of the brain signal measuring portion extracts at least one brain activation area from a plurality of activated areas of the user's brain on the basis of the determined level of oxygenation of hemoglobin; and a step 4 in which a diagnosing portion determines a state of the user's brain on the basis of the at least one brain activation area extracted successively for a predetermined period of time, wherein a signal collecting operation of the brain signal obtaining portion in the step 1 is performed in a state that the user is moving.

To control a cognitive load to be given to the cognitive function of a user in rehabilitation, this invention provides a rehabilitation support apparatus including a detector that detects a three-dimensional rehabilitation action of the user, a display controller that generates, in a three-dimensional virtual space, an avatar object that moves in accordance with the detected rehabilitation action and a target object to be visually recognized by the user and displays these on a display, a notifier that notifies generation of the target object, and a cognitive load controller that gives a cognitive load to the user by generating the target object after an elapse of a predetermined time from the notification of the generation position of the target object.

Universal switch modules, universal switches, and methods of using the same are disclosed, including methods of preparing an individual to interface with an electronic device or software. For example, a method is disclosed that can include measuring brain-related signals of the individual to obtain a first sensed brain-related signal when the individual generates a task-irrelevant thought. The method can include transmitting the first sensed brain-related signal to a processing unit. The method can include associating the task-irrelevant thought and the first sensed brain-related signal with N input commands. The method can include compiling the task-irrelevant thought, the first sensed brain-related signal, and the N input commands to an electronic database.