A system and method of storing and reading digital data, including providing a nanopore polymer memory (NPM) device having at least one memory cell comprising at least two addition chambers each arranged to add a unique chemical construct (or codes) to a polymer (or DNA) string when the polymer enters the respective addition chamber, the data comprising a series of codes; successively steering the polymer from deblock chambers through the nanopore into the addition chambers to add codes to the polymer to create the digital data pattern on the polymer; and accurately controlling the bit rate of the polymer using a servo controller. The device may have loading chamber(s) to load (or remove) the polymer into/from the deblock chambers through at least one “micro-hole”. The cell may be part of a memory system that stores and retrieves “raw” data and allows for remote retrieval and conversion. The cell may store multi-bit data having a plurality of states for the codes.

A system and method of storing and reading digital data, including providing a nanopore polymer memory (NPM) device having at least one memory cell comprising at least two addition chambers each arranged to add a unique chemical construct (or codes) to a polymer (or DNA) string when the polymer enters the respective addition chamber, the data comprising a series of codes; successively steering the polymer from deblock chambers through the nanopore into the addition chambers to add codes to the polymer to create the digital data pattern on the polymer; and accurately controlling the bit rate of the polymer using a servo controller. The device may have loading chamber(s) to load (or remove) the polymer into/from the deblock chambers through at least one “micro-hole”. The cell may be part of a memory system that stores and retrieves “raw” data and allows for remote retrieval and conversion. The cell may store multi-bit data having a plurality of states for the codes.

A controller circuit implements an interpretable neural-network-based proportional integral derivative (PID) control function. The controller circuit comprises a controller output signal for input to a nonlinear plant, a controller input signal representing an error in an output of the nonlinear plant, and a neural network configured to calculate the controller output signal from the controller input signal by summing a first signal depending on a current value of the controller input signal, a second signal generated at least in part by a first neural network estimating a differential of the controller input signal, and a third signal generated at least in part by a second neural network estimating an integral over time of the controller input signal.

Production equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a frequency response analysis unit for transmitting a sine wave of a variable frequency to a controller connected to a load, receiving, from the controller, a sensing current for sensing a current output from the load to which the sine wave has been applied, and analyzing the received sensing current; and a processing unit for receiving, from the frequency response analysis unit, a result of analyzing the sensing current to thereby perform a quality determination of the controller or calculate a control parameter of the controller to transmit the result to the controller.

Production equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a frequency response analysis unit for transmitting a sine wave of a variable frequency to a controller connected to a load, receiving, from the controller, a sensing current for sensing a current output from the load to which the sine wave has been applied, and analyzing the received sensing current; and a processing unit for receiving, from the frequency response analysis unit, a result of analyzing the sensing current to thereby perform a quality determination of the controller or calculate a control parameter of the controller to transmit the result to the controller.

A method for designing and tuning a PID process controller includes approximating a process as a second order process but in a manner that includes the effects or characteristics introduced by various different devices in the I/O network, and using a lambda tuning method to determine tuning parameters or coefficients for the PID controller. The enhanced controller design and tuning method provides a systematic manner of achieving performance improvement of PID controllers within a process control system and is effective at overcoming challenges arising from signal aliasing, the use of anti-aliasing filtering and the effects of different I/O settings of both traditional and advanced I/O marshalling architectures.

A method for designing and tuning a PID process controller includes approximating a process as a second order process but in a manner that includes the effects or characteristics introduced by various different devices in the I/O network, and using a lambda tuning method to determine tuning parameters or coefficients for the PID controller. The enhanced controller design and tuning method provides a systematic manner of achieving performance improvement of PID controllers within a process control system and is effective at overcoming challenges arising from signal aliasing, the use of anti-aliasing filtering and the effects of different I/O settings of both traditional and advanced I/O marshalling architectures.

A temperature control system includes: first adjusting the temperature of fluid in a first portion the fluid having a first temperature determined based on a second temperature higher than the first temperature or the second temperature; second adjusting the temperature of the fluid supplied to a target at a second portion between the first portion and the target; first detecting the temperature of first fluid supplied from the first to second portion; second detecting the temperature of the fluid or the target at a predetermined position between an outlet of the second portion and an inlet of the first portion; controlling the first adjusting based on the first detected value such that the temperature of the first fluid becomes a first temperature; and controlling the second adjusting based on a the second detected such that the temperature of the fluid becomes a second temperature at the predetermined position.

A temperature control system includes: first adjusting the temperature of fluid in a first portion the fluid having a first temperature determined based on a second temperature higher than the first temperature or the second temperature; second adjusting the temperature of the fluid supplied to a target at a second portion between the first portion and the target; first detecting the temperature of first fluid supplied from the first to second portion; second detecting the temperature of the fluid or the target at a predetermined position between an outlet of the second portion and an inlet of the first portion; controlling the first adjusting based on the first detected value such that the temperature of the first fluid becomes a first temperature; and controlling the second adjusting based on a the second detected such that the temperature of the fluid becomes a second temperature at the predetermined position.

A controller and related system and method for controlling a choke for choking fluid flow are configured to take into account non-linear behaviors of the choke, to allow more accurate and effective control of the choke. To obtain a desired pressure drop across a choke valve, the controller is configured to monitor the position of a choke actuator coupled to the choke valve and the pressure at the inlet of the choke valve. The controller calculates an adaptive proportional gain coefficient, and optionally adaptive integral and derivative coefficients, based on the choke actuator position, to help mitigate the effects of non-linear behaviors of the choke and, where necessary, based on the inlet pressure, the controller calculates an augmentation correction to address any instability in the choke. The controller then commands the choke actuator accordingly to adjust the flow area through the choke valve.