Systems and methods for automated manufacture are provided. User input is received by way of user systems indicating nominal data measurements for an article. Automated material handling machines move parts within view of a machine vision system which performs an initial scan to identify features of said parts. Locations of areas for joining are determined by comparing the identified features to the nominal data measurements and the automated material handling machines move the parts into positions in accordance with the nominal data measurements to form the article. The automated material joining machines join the parts at said areas specified in said user input to form the article.

Systems, methods, and computer media for battery system management and non-linear estimation of battery state of charge are provided herein. Battery data is received for a time period over which a battery system has operated. The battery data represents the actual performance of the battery system over the time period. Sub-periods of charging or discharging can be identified in the time period. For the sub-periods of time, a curve can be fit to the battery data. Using the curves for the battery data for the sub-periods of time, an expected performance of the battery system, over a range of states-of-charge, can be determined. Operating instructions for the battery system can be provided based on the expected performance.

Systems, methods, and computer media for battery system management and non-linear estimation of battery state of charge are provided herein. Battery data is received for a time period over which a battery system has operated. The battery data represents the actual performance of the battery system over the time period. Sub-periods of charging or discharging can be identified in the time period. For the sub-periods of time, a curve can be fit to the battery data. Using the curves for the battery data for the sub-periods of time, an expected performance of the battery system, over a range of states-of-charge, can be determined. Operating instructions for the battery system can be provided based on the expected performance.

Provided is a control system, comprising: a processing unit which executes a user program; one or a plurality of function units; one or a plurality of communication units which relay data between the processing unit and the one or the plurality of function units; and a reflection means which, when in the user program a variable is designated which has been associated with any of the data which the function units retain and which denotes the validity of the data, reflects, as the value which the variable denotes, a result of having aggregated states of each of the communication units which are present upon a transmission path from the function units which retain the designated data to the processing unit.

Provided is a control system, comprising: a processing unit which executes a user program; one or a plurality of function units; one or a plurality of communication units which relay data between the processing unit and the one or the plurality of function units; and a reflection means which, when in the user program a variable is designated which has been associated with any of the data which the function units retain and which denotes the validity of the data, reflects, as the value which the variable denotes, a result of having aggregated states of each of the communication units which are present upon a transmission path from the function units which retain the designated data to the processing unit.

A computer program product, a device, a functionally secure programmable controller and a method for processing data via coded operations in a number of cycles, wherein an uncoded variable x is coded with a cycle-specific signature D and a variable-specific signature B.sub.x to form a coded variable x.sub.c in accordance with the relationship: x.sub.c=D.Math.x+B.sub.x.

A computer program product, a device, a functionally secure programmable controller and a method for processing data via coded operations in a number of cycles, wherein an uncoded variable x is coded with a cycle-specific signature D and a variable-specific signature B.sub.x to form a coded variable x.sub.c in accordance with the relationship: x.sub.c=D.Math.x+B.sub.x.

An engineering system for planning an automation system and method for planning the automation system, wherein a cloud environment and/or an edge device are integrated into a project structure of a planning environment, where the project structure includes components and has at least one hardware component that has project elements, where the integrating includes saving and displaying the cloud environment or the edge device, in a manner structured as a component, accordance to a technological hierarchy, and wherein project elements associated with the cloud environment and/or with the edge device are defined, where at least one program block and a device configuration are stipulated for the cloud environment or the edge device, and where the hardware component and the cloud environment and/or the edge device are via the planning to perform an automation task of the automation system that must partially be performed in the cloud environment and/or edge device.

Reliability with which a control device at a transmission destination can receive data is improved. In a communication system in which a plurality of control devices for factory automation are connected to a network, a communication protocol among the control devices includes a publish/subscribe type. Each of the control devices includes: a data storage unit in which control data is stored; a publisher unit that transmits data including a state of the control device of the publisher unit itself to other control devices than the control device; and a subscriber unit that receives data from each of the other control devices. When a state of each of the other control devices that is received by the subscriber unit satisfies a reception allowing condition, the publisher unit transmits the control data of the control device of the publisher unit itself.

A functional unit is synchronized with an output system unit on the basis of a trigger signal input from outside with a synchronization period. The input system unit includes: a functional processing unit to perform, on the basis of the trigger signal, a functional process with a control period that is shorter than the synchronization period, and to generate processing results by repeatedly performing the functional process in one synchronization period; and a shared memory to collectively output the processing results of the functional processing unit to outside on the basis of the trigger signal.