A method for determining system excitation by at least one input signal for model-based control of a technical system includes (i) providing the at least one input signal, wherein the at least one input signal physically affects at least one parameter of the technical system, (ii) defining at least one distribution assumption for the at least one parameter, (iii) defining a target function for optimizing the at least one input signal taking into account the at least one defined distribution assumption, the target function optimizing the at least one input signal at least based on a weighting of a sensitivity of the input signal, (iv) determining a numerical algorithm for solving the defined target function and an uncertainty quantification method for determining the sensitivity of the at least one input signal, (v) optimizing the defined target function based on the determined numerical algorithm and the determined uncertainty quantification method, and (vi) determining the system excitation based on the optimized target function. A computer program, a device, and a storage medium for this purpose are also disclosed.