A method for optimizing a manufacturing process includes arranging a finite element method simulation model, a microstructure model, and a material model in a closed loop. The method includes performing an iterative simulation process to determine a simulated output of the manufacturing process. The iterative simulation process includes performing a plurality of iterations. Each of the plurality of iterations includes the steps of: determining, by the finite element method simulation model, a plurality of thermomechanical parameters based on a plurality of process parameters and a plurality of previous predicted material properties; determining, by the microstructure model, a predicted change in a microstructure based on the plurality of thermomechanical parameters; and determining, by the material model, a plurality of current predicted material properties based on the predicted change in the microstructure.

A method and apparatus of a device for obtaining a geometric representation of an object including a thin structure having a first surface and a second surface; generating one or more 2D blocking faces as a simplified representation of one of the first surface or the second surface; generating one or more 3D blocks based on an extrusion of the one or more 2D blocking faces; and determining a 3D mesh of the object based on the one or more 3D blocks.