A catheter system for creating an arteriovenous (AV) fistula includes a proximal base having a distal end surface. A distal tip is connected to the proximal base and is movable relative to the proximal base. The distal tip has a proximal end surface. The distal end surface and the proximal end surface are adapted to contact opposing sides of a tissue portion to create the fistula. A peripheral edge defines the distal end surface of the proximal base. A stop is formed in the peripheral edge and is configured to limit movement of the distal tip in a proximal direction.

An electrosurgical device for puncturing tissue comprises an electrically conductive elongate member which is capable of force transmission from a distal portion of the electrosurgical device to a proximal portion of the electrosurgical device to thereby provide tactile feedback to a user. The proximal portion comprises a connector system for connecting a source of energy and a source of fluid to an electrosurgical device. The connector system includes a hub which includes an electrically conductive lengthwise member having a lengthwise member distal region and a lengthwise member proximal region. The lengthwise member defines a hub lumen therebetween and is configured to be operatively coupled to an electrosurgical device.

A cable includes a sheath, and a coating film covering a circumference of the sheath. The coating film adheres to the sheath. The static friction coefficient of a surface of the coating film is smaller than the static friction coefficient of a surface of the sheath. The adhesion strength between the sheath and the coating film is 0.30 MPa or more.

A cable includes a sheath, and a coating film covering a circumference of the sheath. The coating film adheres to the sheath. The static friction coefficient of a surface of the coating film is smaller than the static friction coefficient of a surface of the sheath. The adhesion strength between the sheath and the coating film is 0.30 MPa or more.

A cable includes a sheath, and a coating film covering a circumference of the sheath. The coating film adheres to the sheath. The static friction coefficient of a surface of the coating film is smaller than the static friction coefficient of a surface of the sheath. The adhesion strength between the sheath and the coating film is 0.30 MPa or more.

A microsurgical probe employs an optional probe support structure; an optical fiber for providing a feed path for an emission wavelength; a chemical feed path for delivering a chemical; a resonator motor; and a probe accessory tool. A microsurgical system additionally employs a sensor and an artificial intelligence (AI) system to assess conditions based on data provided by the sensor. The system can be employed to remove tumor tissue that is interwoven with healthy tissue. This system can also be employed to fertilize old, inflexible ova.

A surgical instrument is configured to reduce conductivity between an RF electrosurgical portion and a cutting portion. This reduces improves the efficiency and consistency of the generated RF field, with higher current densities nearest the target tissue, improving the performance of the RF electrosurgical instrument. The conductivity may be reduced using a layer of insulating material, a projecting insulating portion or a cutting portion constructed from an insulating material. Further, by providing a lubricous insulating layer shedding may be reduced, increasing the usable life of the cutting portion.

An electrosurgical instrument end effector includes an active electrode received by an insulating material, the active electrode including a primary suction aperture which provides access to a primary fluid channel extending from the active electrode, through the insulating material, to a lumen. The lumen is arranged to carry fluid to and from a surgical site when in use. The end effector further includes at least one additional fluid channel providing alternative access to the primary fluid channel from the active electrode, wherein the at least one additional fluid channel bypasses the primary suction aperture.

A treatment instrument includes a treatment section treating a target of treatment such as a living tissue. The treatment section has an outer surface. A first resin film (first resin coating) covers part of the outer surface of the treatment section. A second resin film (second resin coating) covers at least a boundary between a region covered by the first resin film and a region not covered by the first resin film on the outer surface of the treatment section.

Embodiments of the present invention provide an improved surgical instrument having an end effector mounted on the end of an elongate shaft extending from a handle. The end-effector is capable of several different operations, including grasping, cutting, and sealing and/or coagulating tissue, and one of the operations is controlled by a trigger mechanism contained within the handle. In some embodiments, the end effector includes a pair of curved jaw members and a blade assembly having a cutting blade at its distal end. The trigger mechanism is arranged to drive the blade assembly longitudinally within the elongate shaft such that the cutting blade protrudes between the jaw members. In order to help the trigger mechanism push the blade assembly around the curved jaws, the distal end of the blade has a graduated flexibility such that it can more easily bend to the shape of the jaw members. The distal end of the blade may also be provided with a low friction coating so that it can more easily slide between the jaw members.