Devices, systems, and methods to measure a baseline temperature of a tissue prior to a laser ablation procedure are disclosed. The devices can be a thermometer including an optical fiber probe and a catheter. The catheter includes nanodiamonds embedded into a wall of the catheter. The nanodiamonds are excited by light from the optical fiber probe to emit a temperature dependent fluorescent light that is received by the optical fiber probe and transmitted to a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can process the fluorescent light to calculate a temperature. The thermometer can be positioned adjacent to or within a target tissue structure prior to a laser ablation procedure to measure the baseline temperature. The baseline temperature can be input into a magnetic resonance imaging system to calculate a thermal damage estimate.

Laser ablation devices and related systems and methods may have laser outputs with multiple wavelengths. Laser ablation devices may include a laser energy source that can emit two or more laser outputs with different wavelengths. Some laser ablation devices include a processor to control the laser energy source to cause the laser energy source to emit a target wavelength blend with the laser outputs.

Disclosed are methods of producing randomized ultrasound waves for providing sonodynamic therapy. The method includes coupling a sonodynamic therapy device with an array of piezoelectric transducer elements to a skin surface. A controller is configured to generate an electrical drive signal to produce ultrasound waves to activate a sonosensitizer in a treatment region without damaging healthy cells in the treatment region.

A method comprises deploying a tool to a passageway exit site through a lumen of a flexible elongate device. The flexible elongate device comprises a proximal end, a distal end, and the lumen therebetween, and the tool comprises a needle. The method further comprises puncturing a passageway wall at the passageway exit site with the needle. The method further comprises deploying the needle through the passageway wall and through target tissue at a target location beyond the passageway wall. The method further comprises deploying an instrument to perform treatment on the target tissue at the target location. The instrument is deployed within the tool and through a perforation created in the target tissue by the needle.

Low power MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) radiation is used to non-invasively record molecular activity in a biological object such as a brain. Low power MASER radiation is also used to neuromodulate molecular targets via Rabi coupling, resulting for example in conformational and function change in specific molecular targets such as ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, G-proteins, or dopamine receptors. The method can be used to change the energy state of targeted molecules via energization or enervation, or to ablate targeted molecules.

Methods of treating tumors by administering compounds to a patient are provided. Compounds such as drugs, may be administered to the patient orally, by injection, intravenously, or topically, which then accumulate preferentially as compounds such as protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor cells. After such accumulation, compounds such as PpIX are then activated in various aspects to treat tumors cells, thereby treating cancer. Cancers such as glioblastoma may be treated.

A phased-array MASER detector for synthetic aperture interferometric three-dimensional imaging. The detector elements, for example 10.sup.2-10.sup.6 zero bias Schottky detector diodes with sufficient sensitivity to reliably detect various values of MASER radiation, are arranged in layers offset in three dimensions. The phased-array MASER detector is particularly useful for detecting characteristics in a biological object using low energy (2-10 Watts), coherent MASER radiation. MASER intensity data of an interferometric pattern is collected by the detector array, is deconvolved, and is used to generate three-dimensional energy activity maps for a given time slice or on a time-shifting basis.

Disclosed are methods of using planar acoustic waves for providing non-invasive sonodynamic therapy. The method includes acoustically coupling an array of flat piezoelectric transducers to a patient. A controller is configured to generate an electrical drive signal at a frequency selected from a range of frequencies, modulate the drive signal, and drive the transducer with the modulated drive signal at the frequency to produce a modulated planar acoustic wave to produce an average acoustic intensity sufficient to activate a sonosensitizer in a treatment region without damaging healthy cells in the treatment region.

The present disclosure discusses a devices, systems and methods for transvascular, transvenous and/or transdural access, to the brain parenchyma, subarachnoid or subdural spaces. In some embodiments, the disclosed systems and methods may be used for local drug delivery, tissue biopsy, nanofluidic or microelectronic device/component delivery/insertion/implantation, in situ imaging, ablation of abnormal brain tissue and the like. Embodiments of the present disclosure include an access catheter system for extravascular procedures in the brain having an elongate, flexible tubular body, with at least one lumen extending axially there through between a proximal end, and a distal end. The access catheter system may include a side exit port and a distal end port. Further, the access catheter system may include a selective deflector positioned within the lumen configured to deflect a procedure catheter and permit a guide catheter.

This invention relates to high-frequency ablation of tissue in the body using a cooled high-frequency electrode connected to a high frequency generator including a computer graphic control system and an automatic controller for control the signal output from the generator, and adapted to display on a real time graphic display a measured parameter related to the ablation process and visually monitor the variation of the parameter of the signal output that is controlled by the controller during the ablation process. In one example, one or more measured parameters are displayed simultaneously to visually interpret the relation of their variation and values. In one example, the displayed one or more parameters can be taken from the list of measured voltage, current, power, impedance, electrode temperature, and tissue temperature related to the ablation process. The graphic display gives the clinician an instantaneous and intuitive feeling for the dynamics and stability of the ablation process for safety and control. This invention relates to monitoring and controlling multiple ground pads to optimally carry return currents during high-frequency tissue ablation, and to prevent of ground-pad skin burns. This invention relates to the use of ultrasound imaging intraoperatively during a tissue ablation procedure. This invention relates to the use of nerve stimulation and blocking during a tissue ablation procedure.