An apparatus and method for sending test signals to an instrument, and checking the resultant and subsequently arriving echo signals in order to detect specific properties and changes of properties on the line, the instrument, the tissue or also on a fluid body, e.g., plasma body, present on an electrode of the instrument, and to control the operation of the supply arrangement accordingly.

An intra-cardiac mapping system is based on locating the ports through which blood flows in or out the heart chambers. For many procedures, such as ablation to cure atrial fibrillation, locating the pulmonary veins and the mitral valve accurately allows to perform a Maze procedure. The location of the ports and valves is based on using the convective cooling effect of the blood flow. The mapping can be performed by a catheter-deployed expandable net or a scanning catheter. The same net or catheter can also perform the ablation procedure.

An intra-cardiac mapping system is based on locating the ports through which blood flows in or out the heart chambers. For many procedures, such as ablation to cure atrial fibrillation, locating the pulmonary veins and the mitral valve accurately allows to perform a Maze procedure. The location of the ports and valves is based on using the convective cooling effect of the blood flow. The mapping can be performed by a catheter-deployed expandable net or a scanning catheter. The same net or catheter can also perform the ablation procedure.

Multi-electrode ablation systems, methods, and controllers are described. In one example, a method of beginning an ablation procedure using a multi-electrode ablation system is described. The method includes selectively coupling the output of a power supply to a first electrode of a plurality of electrodes to increase a temperature at the first electrode to a first temperature set-point and limit a rate of increase of the temperature at the first electrode to a predetermined first rate.

An extending portion of a vibration transmitting unit. is capable of transmitting ultrasonic vibration from a proximal side to a distal side, and in the extending portion, a second component provided on the distal side with respect to a first component. A third component provided between the first component and the second component in the extending portion has a third cross-sectional area that is larger than a first cross-sectional area of the first component and is smaller than a second cross-sectional area of the second component, and one of vibration anti-nodes is positioned at third component by the extending portion vibrating at a frequency in a predetermined frequency range.

A treatment instrument includes: a first holding surface including a first high frequency electrode portion; a second holding surface configured to hold living tissue cooperatively with the first holding surface and including a second high frequency electrode portion; a blade configured to apply pressure to the living tissue held between the first and second holding surfaces by a projected surface; and a heater which is capable of heating the first holding surface to a second temperature higher than the first temperature and sufficient to incise the living tissue held between the first and second holding surfaces by the blade, upon receipt of energy supplied at the same time as or after energy supply to the first and second high frequency electrode portions.

The invention relates to a device for producing a cold atmospheric pressure plasma for the treatment of human and/or animal surfaces, comprising a flexible, planar multilayer system with a side facing the surface to be treated and a side facing away from the surface to be treated, wherein the multilayer system comprises the following layers, namely a first electrode layer on the facing away side of the multilayer system, second electrode layer on the facing side of the multilayer system, wherein the electrode layer has a plurality of recesses or is formed in a grid-like or meander-shaped fashion, a dielectric layer arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and a spacer layer arranged adjacent the second electrode layer on the facing side of the multilayer system. In addition, the invention relates to a cable, a generator unit for providing a high voltage, and a system.

The invention relates to a device for producing a cold atmospheric pressure plasma for the treatment of human and/or animal surfaces, comprising a flexible, planar multilayer system with a side facing the surface to be treated and a side facing away from the surface to be treated, wherein the multilayer system comprises the following layers, namely a first electrode layer on the facing away side of the multilayer system, second electrode layer on the facing side of the multilayer system, wherein the electrode layer has a plurality of recesses or is formed in a grid-like or meander-shaped fashion, a dielectric layer arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and a spacer layer arranged adjacent the second electrode layer on the facing side of the multilayer system. In addition, the invention relates to a cable, a generator unit for providing a high voltage, and a system.

In a blade of a grasping treatment unit, a top sharpening toward a jaw forms a ridge line along a longitudinal direction of the blade, and in the jaw, a grasping surface opposed to the top extends. A proximal side counter portion, on which the top can abut while the blade and the jaw are closed relative to each other, is provided in a region of the grasping surface located on a proximal side with respect to a distal portion, and a distal side counter portion, which does not contact the top while the top abuts on the proximal side counter portion, is provided in the distal portion of the grasping surface.

In a blade of a grasping treatment unit, a top sharpening toward a jaw forms a ridge line along a longitudinal direction of the blade, and in the jaw, a grasping surface opposed to the top extends. A proximal side counter portion, on which the top can abut while the blade and the jaw are closed relative to each other, is provided in a region of the grasping surface located on a proximal side with respect to a distal portion, and a distal side counter portion, which does not contact the top while the top abuts on the proximal side counter portion, is provided in the distal portion of the grasping surface.