Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for switching a control scheme to control a set of system modules and/or modular devices of a surgical hub. A surgical hub may determine a first control scheme that is configured to control a set of system modules and/or modular devices. The surgical hub may receive an input from one of the set of modules or a device located in an OR. The surgical hub may make a determination that at least one of a safety status level or an overload status level of the surgical hub is higher than its threshold value. Based on at least the received input and the determination, the surgical hub may determine a second control scheme to be used to control the set of system modules. The surgical hub may send a control program indicating the second control scheme to one or more system modules and/or modular devices.

Surgical instrument tracking systems, methods and devices are described. The system can include tracking devices configured to detect location events. The tracking device can include sensors, circuits, power sources, memories, and radio interface. The tracking devices can automatically determine a location of the tracking device when the tracking device detects a location event. The tracking device can automatically transmit the location and information related to the location event to a data analytics platform. The data analytics platform can allow a user to track multiple surgical instruments and surgical instrument tray in order to accurately determine when surgical instruments should be replaced, and how efficiently the surgical instruments are used.

A computer-implemented method plans a position of a tracking reference device for referencing a position in a medical environment. The method includes a determination of avoidance regions in which a tracking reference device should not be placed so as to safeguard proper tracking of the tracking reference device and/or an instrument tracking reference device which is attached to a medical instrument. The avoidance region is a region lying, from the point of view of a tracking device for tracking the tracking reference device, in the shadow of an envelope surrounding at least one medical instrument. Additionally or alternatively, an avoidance region may lie in between the position of the tracking device and the envelope to avoid a shadowing, by the tracking reference device, of an instrument tracking reference device attached to the medical instrument. Information describing the position of the at least one avoidance region is displayed to a user, and also information about the position of a region which is suitable for placement of the tracking reference device can be displayed to the user.

A surgical robot calibration device configured to be used when calibrating a surgical robotic system to perform a minimally invasive procedure through a natural orifice, the surgical robotic system comprising a surgical robotic arm and a surgical instrument having a rigid linear shaft, the surgical robot calibration device comprising a resistive spacer configurable to hold a calibration port in a fixed position spaced from the natural orifice, such that when the calibration port is held in the resistive spacer, the surgical instrument is insertable into the natural orifice via the calibration port to enable a fulcrum about which the surgical instrument pivots whilst the surgical instrument is inserted into the calibration port to be determined.

Optical tracking of objects in arthroscopic surgery. Examples comprise a resection instrument system including: a handpiece; a mechanical resection device comprising a stationary outer hub, an elongate outer tube coupled to and extending away from the stationary outer hub, and a cutter disposed at a distal end of the elongate shaft, the stationary outer hub coupled to the handpiece; a fiducial array; and a sleeve connector. The sleeve connector may include: a sleeve defining a distal end, a proximal end, and a through bore, the sleeve concentrically arranged with the elongate shaft; an array connector coupled to the proximal end of the sleeve, the array connector coupled to the fiducial array.

Systems and methods for planning and performing image free implant revision surgery are discussed. For example, a method for generating a revision plan can include collecting pre-defined parameters characterizing a target bone, generating a 3D model, collecting a plurality of surface points, and generating a reshaped 3D model. Generating the 3D model of the target bone can be based on a first portion of the pre-defined parameters. Generating the reshaped 3D model can be done based on the plurality of surface points collected from a portion of the surface of the target bone.

A technique for determining a need for a re-registration of a patient tracker with medical image data of a patient is presented. The patient tracker comprises an acceleration sensor configured to generate inertial data indicative of an acceleration of the patient tracker. A method implementation of the technique comprises the following steps performed by a processor: receiving inertial data acquired by the acceleration sensor, analyzing the received inertial data, or data derived therefrom, with respect to at least one first predetermined condition indicative of a drift of the tracker or an impact on the tracker, and generating, when the at least one first predetermined condition is fulfilled, at least a first re-registration signal.

A surgical assembly for kinematically coupling two surgical components is provided. The surgical assembly includes a first surgical component having a receiver, which defines a cavity and has a plurality of constraint surfaces accessible in the cavity. The surgical assembly further includes second surgical component having a key, which has a triplicity of kinematic elements to repeatably position the key in the receiver. The surgical assembly further includes a preloading mechanism having a load member arranged to secure the key in the receiver such that the kinematic elements contact the receiver at the plurality of constraint surfaces such that the key is kinematically constrained to the receiver by being constrained by six points of contact with the receiver.

A teleoperational medical system includes a teleoperational control system, a teleoperational manipulator, an operator controller. The control system includes a processing unit configured to: determine a position and orientation of a marker on an operator of the operator controller; determine whether a head portion of the operator is directed toward or away from a display region of a display; based on a determination that the head portion is directed toward the display region, initiate an operator following mode in which a movement of the operator controller provides a corresponding movement to the teleoperational manipulator; and based on a determination that the head portion is directed away, suspend the operator following mode. The determination that the head portion is directed away from the display region of the display device includes determining whether the head portion of the operator is directed away from the display region for a threshold time period.

A method for characterizing a state of an end effector of an ultrasonic device is disclosed. The ultrasonic device including an electromechanical ultrasonic system defined by a predetermined resonant frequency. The electromechanical ultrasonic system further including an ultrasonic transducer coupled to an ultrasonic blade. The method including applying, by an energy source, a power level to the ultrasonic transducer; measuring, by a control circuit coupled to a memory, an impedance value of the ultrasonic transducer; comparing, by the control circuit, the impedance value to a reference impedance value stored in the memory; classifying, by the control circuit, the impedance value based on the comparison; characterizing, by the control circuit, the state of the electromechanical ultrasonic system based on the classification of the impedance value; and adjusting, by the control circuit, the power level applied to the ultrasonic transducer based on the characterization of the state of the end effector.