Methods, systems, and devices for accessing tissue outside a bronchus and marking the location of a biopsy are provided. The method includes loading a navigation plan into a navigation system with the navigation plan including a CT volume generated from a plurality of CT images, inserting an extended working channel (EWC) including a location sensor into a patient's airways, registering a sensed location of the EWC with the CT volume of the navigation plan, and selecting a target in the navigation plan located outside the periphery of a patient's airways. The method further includes navigating the EWC and location sensor proximate the target, inserting a piercing catheter into the EWC, piercing through an airway wall to reach the target, storing a position of the location sensor in the navigation system as a biopsy location, and performing a biopsy at the stored biopsy location.

A system for constructing fluoroscopic-based three-dimensional volumetric data of a target area within a patient from two-dimensional fluoroscopic images including a structure of markers, a fluoroscopic imaging device configured to acquire a sequence of images of the target area and of the structure of markers, and a computing device. The computing device is configured to estimate a pose of the fluoroscopic imaging device for at least a plurality of images of the sequence of images based on detection of a possible and most probable projection of the structure of markers as a whole on each image of the plurality of images. The computing device is further configured to construct fluoroscopic-based three-dimensional volumetric data of the target area based on the estimated poses of the fluoroscopic imaging device.

Techniques for segmenting a percutaneous medical procedure based on one or more determinable phases. The techniques may include obtaining a first set of features over a first time period. The first set of features may be derived from instrument telemetry data corresponding to an endoluminal scope instrument. The technique may also include obtaining a second set of features over the first time period. The second set of features may be derived from instrument telemetry data corresponding to a percutaneous needle instrument. Based on the first set of features and the second set of features, the techniques may classify at least a portion of the first time period as a first phase of the percutaneous medical procedure.

Apparatus, systems, and methods for detecting the presence of a metallic surgical instrument. A metal detector for detecting insertion of a metallic surgical device into a hollow tube may include a switch, resonant circuit and a controller. The resonant circuit has a capacitor and a coil mounted to the hollow tube. The controller turn on the switch for a preselected time to temporarily provide a current to the resonant circuit and analyzes a resulting decaying voltage waveform originating from the resonant circuit when the switch is turned off in order to determine the presence and longitudinal depth of the metallic surgical device in the hollow tube.

A surgical system includes a detector, comprising an array of pixels configured to detect light reflected by a surgical instrument and generate a first signal comprising a first dataset representative of a visible image of the surgical instrument. The surgical system also includes a processor configured to receive the first signal, generate a modified image of the surgical instrument that includes a control panel. The control panel includes one or more control elements representative of one or more operating parameters of the surgical instrument. The processor is further configured to receive an input to the control panel from a user, the input being effective to change one of the operating parameters. The processor is also configured to generate a command signal based on the input to change the one of the operating parameters.

Systems, methods and apparatus are disclosed for properly using and locating object retention wands via the use of at least one sensor located on or in the wand body for determining when the wand is capable of properly scanning a target area. In one form, a proximity sensor is used. In another form a motion sensor is used. In still other forms, both a proximity sensor and motion sensor are used. In some forms, the wand system further includes an indicator for indicating whether the wand is within proper read range, speed and/or orientation of a target area so as to confirm proper use of the wand to locate retained objects before concluding a procedure. In other forms one or more of a user interface, scanner and network interface may also be used with the system. Further systems, methods and apparatus are also disclosed herein.

A method for performing auto-focus in a camera is disclosed. The method includes: receiving, from a tracking system for tracking a position of a medical instrument, a signal; determining, based on the received signal, that the medical instrument is removed from a field of view of the camera; in response to determining that a continuous auto-focus mode for the camera is enabled: retrieving, from a database, a first focus distance value representing a focus distance that was most recently set with intent for the camera; and automatically updating a focus distance of the camera to the first focus distance value.

A surgical instrument system (1) for treatment of an anatomical structure (3, 5) comprises an instrument (8) and/or a patient specific instrument (2, 4) for performing the treatment on the anatomical structure. The instrument (8) and/or the patient specific instrument (2, 4) comprises an integrated measurement system (20, 40, 80) for tracking the instrument (8) and/or the patient specific instrument (2, 4) relative to the anatomical structure (3, 5), whereby the integrated measurement system comprises a tracking system (6, 10), which comprises a shadow imaging tracking system.

The subject matter of the present disclosure generally relates to techniques for neuromodulation that include applying energy (e.g., ultrasound energy) into an internal tissue to cause tissue displacement and identifying that the tissue displacement has occurred. In one embodiment, the presence of tissue displacement is associated with a desired therapeutic or physiological outcome, such as a change in a molecule of interest.

Systems and methods are described to determine joint center of rotation during a procedure. Joint center measurements may be useful to determine other clinically relevant measurements and/or to assist with replacement surgery.