Described herein are systems, apparatus, and methods for precise placement and guidance of tools during a surgical procedure, particularly a spinal surgical procedure. The system features a portable robot arm with an end effector for precise positioning of a surgical tool. The system requires only minimal training by surgeons/operators, is intuitive to use, and has a small footprint with significantly reduced obstruction of the operating table. The system works with existing, standard surgical tools, does not require increased surgical time or preparatory time, and safely provides the enhanced precision achievable by robot-assisted systems.

An interbody tool may include an upper portion with an upper contact surface and a plurality of upper legs; a lower portion with a lower contact surface and a plurality of lower legs, each of the lower legs moveably connected to one of the upper legs; a plurality of gauges, each gauge configured to measure a position of one of the plurality of upper legs relative to a corresponding one of the plurality of lower legs; at least one actuator configured to selectively push the upper portion away from the lower portion; and at least one sensor for measuring a force exerted by the at least one actuator.

An instrument for torque controlled tightening of a threaded device, including a handle, an articulable head that is articulably connected to the handle, the articulable head including a drive ratchet configured to rotate relative to the articulable head and to engage with the threaded device or a tool for engaging with the threaded device, an elastic device arranged at the handle, and a pulling mechanism operatively connecting the articulable head with the handle, the pulling mechanism having a ratchet head mechanism to engage with the drive ratchet of the articulable head, and configured to engage with the elastic device at the handle such that the elastic device is compressed or expanded upon an application of a torque to the drive ratchet and simultaneously the ratchet head mechanism blocks the rotation of the drive ratchet.

Devices, systems, and methods for providing a degree of freedom to a guide tube associated with a robotic surgical system. The surgical robot system may be configured to have six degrees of freedom associated with a vertical lift, rotation about a shoulder, rotation about an elbow, roll of a forearm, pitch of the end-effector, and rotation of a guide tube independent from the end-effector. The robotic surgical system allows for the proper orientation of an instrument in the guide tube along a trajectory to the operational site of a patient.

Surgical stapling systems and methods for stapling tissue during a surgical procedure are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a control system is provided for controlling at least one motor coupled to a drive system on a surgical stapling device for driving one or more drive assemblies. The control system can be configured to communicate with the drive system of the stapling tool and to control and modify movement of one or more drive assemblies based on certain feedback.

A method of operating a surgical tool includes sending a command signal from a computer system to a motor to drive rotation of a drive shaft mounted within a drive housing of the surgical tool, monitoring one or more operational parameters of the motor with one or more monitoring devices in communication with the computer system, and measuring an unexpected change in the operational parameters of the motor with the monitoring devices. The unexpected change includes a measured operational parameter that is inconsistent with the command signal. The unexpected change is reported to the computer system as a bailout signal, and the surgical tool is disabled once the bailout signal is received at the computer system.

A surgical robotic system, comprising: a surgical robot; a user input device coupled to the surgical robot and manipulatable by a user to control operation of the surgical robot, the user input device comprising one or more sensors configured to collect data as the user manipulates the user input device; a processor unit configured to: analyse the collected data to determine whether a parameter associated with the operation by the user of the surgical robot has a desired working value; and generate an output signal indicating responsive action is to be taken in response to determining from the collected data that the parameter does not have a desired working value.

Methods and apparatus for performing joint laxity measurement are disclosed. A retractor includes a plurality of spacers, such as plates, that are capable of being moved from a central portion of the retractor by a carriage mechanism. In some cases, the carriage mechanism may press against ramps connected to internal sides of the plates, thereby causing the plates to be displaced outwardly. In other cases, the carriage mechanism may include blades that rotate and press against the internal sides of the plates, thereby causing the plates to be displaced outwardly. The retractor is mounted on a surgical device configured to actuate the carriage mechanism. When the retractor is placed in a joint and the carriage mechanism is actuated, a measurement of the joint laxity may be determined based upon characteristics of the retractor and/or the surgical device.

A dental implantation system and navigation method are provided. The dental implantation system includes: a multi-axis robotic arm having an action end connected to a dental implantation device; and at least one optical device coupled to the multi-axis robotic arm to capture a real-time image information about an implant-receiving region of an implant-receiving patient during a dental implantation process. The multi-axis robotic arm drives the dental implantation device moving along a predetermined path in the implant-receiving region according to association result of a pre-implantation plan and the real-time image information. The pre-implantation plan is associated with a 3D model of the implant-receiving region and includes a predetermined entry point associated with the predetermined path, at least one predetermined relay point associated with the predetermined path, and a predetermined target point associated with the predetermined path. The 3D model is constructed from a pre-implantation image information about the implant-receiving region.

A robotic surgical instrument comprising a shaft, an end effector, and an articulation connecting the end effector to a distal end of the shaft. The articulation comprises joints permitting the end effector to adopt a range of orientations relative to a longitudinal axis of the shaft. Pairs of driving elements drive the joints, the driving elements extending through the shaft to the joints. An additional element extends through the shaft to the end effector via the articulation. A resilient barrier inside the shaft extends over a cross-sectional area of the shaft, the pairs of driving elements and the additional element passing through the resilient barrier, the resilient barrier being in resilient contact with the additional element so as to provide a resilient force opposing movement of the additional element; wherein each driving element of the pairs of driving elements passes through a hole in the resilient barrier without contacting the resilient barrier.