Systems and methods are disclosed in which changes in the position and/or orientation of an anatomical structure or of a surgical tool can be measured quantitatively during surgery. In some embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed herein can make use of inertial motion sensors to determine a position or orientation of an instrument or anatomy at different times and to calculate changes between different positions or orientations. In other embodiments, such sensors can be utilized in conjunction with imaging devices to correlate sensor position with anatomical landmarks, thereby permitting determination of absolute angular orientation of a landmark. Such systems and methods can facilitate real-time tracking of progress during a variety of procedures, including, e.g., spinal deformity correction, etc.

A spinal marking system includes a marker having a threaded member and a flexible member connected to the threaded member. The flexible member has a length longer than that of the threaded member. The system also includes a navigation tool having a shaft configured to connect to the threaded member. The navigation tool also includes a navigation array connected to the shaft. The navigation array having a plurality of fiducials that are configured to communicate with a robotic system.

The present disclosure relates to embodiments of a patient-specific or patient-matched, customized apparatus for assisting in various surgical procedures. In varying embodiments, patient-specific guides may comprise multiple patient-specific surfaces for mating with the underlying patient anatomy and may further comprise one or more protrusions or projections for facilitating placement and attachment, at least temporarily, to the desired location of the patient's anatomy. The apparatus described herein are preferably used with cervical and/or certain thoracic levels of the human spine and may comprise single or multi-level guides for placement of instruments and/or implants during a variety of surgical procedures.

A surgical registration tool including a bone engagement structure comprising a distal condyle abutment structure, at least one posterior condyle abutment structure, a side condyle abutment structure, and an anterior shaft abutment structure. The distal condyle abutment structure includes a distal planar surface. The at least one posterior condyle abutment structure includes at least one planar surface extending distally from the distal planar surface and positioned perpendicular to the distal planar surface. The side condyle abutment structure includes a planar surface extending distally from the distal planar surface and positioned perpendicular to the distal planar surface and the at least one planar surface. The anterior shaft abutment structure extends distally from the distal planar surface and terminates at a distal tip. The registration tool also includes a handle coupled to the engagement structure and extending proximally therefrom, and a tracker array configured to couple to the handle.

Proposed are a device for guiding the position of a robot, a method thereof, and a system including the same, the device including a surgical target matcher configured to derive a correlation of a position and a posture between a surgical target and a target marker attached to the surgical target, a robot matcher configured to derive a correlation of a position and a posture between a robot maker and a surgical robot based on an image including the robot marker mounted to the surgical robot and derive a correlation of a position and a posture between the robot marker and a preset work space, and a work space identifier configured to derive a correlation of a position and a posture between the surgical target and the work space based on information about the positions and postures of the target marker and the robot marker.

The invention relates to a medical registration apparatus (1), comprising •two flanks (2a, 2b); •a pivot portion (3) around which at least one of the flanks (2a, 2b) is rotatable with respect to a rotation centre (3c, 3d) (FIG. 1, FIG. 3); •a contacting portion (4a, 4b) on each of the flanks (2a, 2b), each contacting portion (4a, 4b) being spaced apart from the rotation centre (3c, 3d); and •a sensor (5, 6) being arranged with an offset (r, FIG. 4 A) to a line (a) connecting the contacting portions (4a, 4b). The invention also relates to a data processing method for use with the medical registration apparatus.

A method for assessing the orthopaedic performance of a joint of a patient can comprise implanting at least a first and second RF wirelessly detectable markers in first and second bones associated with a site and determining and storing their positions before a surgical procedure is performed. The procedure can be carried out on the site and the positions of the first and second markers can be detected and stored after the procedure has been completed. The detected positions can be used to generate a representation of the orthopaedic performance of the joint after the procedure.

A positioning mark apparatus of a surgery navigation system and an implementation instrument thereof are disclosed. The positioning mark apparatus includes a positioning base and a frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module. One end of the positioning base is a lock portion having a screw structure, another end is a head having a joint structure, and a free end of the head has a fitting structure. The frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module has a sleeving structure that cooperates with the head structure and buckles with the joint structure. The frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module includes an antenna unit, a printed circuit board unit electrically connected to the antenna unit, and an electronic component battery unit supplying power to the printed circuit board unit. The frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module may transmit, according to a received frequency modulated signal, a feedback signal including a radio frequency signal to the external.

Dynamic reference arrays use markers and trackers to register a patient's anatomy to computer system. Wherein the dynamic reference array may be screwed into a patient's spinous process, clamped on to a spinous process, or attached to the spinous process using posts. In embodiments, a dynamic reference array may comprise a single structure comprising and attachment member and a scaffold. In alternate embodiments, the dynamic reference array may comprise distinct structures that allow the dynamic reference array to swivel and collapse in order to facilitate registration, while not interfering with a surgical procedure.

A marker for image guided surgery, consisting of a base, having a base axis, connecting to a clamp; and an alignment target. The alignment target includes a target region having an alignment pattern formed thereon, and a socket connected to the target region and configured to fit rotatably to the base, whereby the alignment target is rotatable about the base axis. The alignment target also includes an optical indicator for the socket indicating an angle of orientation of the alignment target about the base axis.