Markers, probes, and related systems and methods are provided for localizing locations within a patient's body, e.g., a lesion within a breast. The marker includes an energy converter e.g., one or more photodiodes, for transforming light energy striking the marker into electrical energy, a storage device coupled to the energy converter for storing the electrical energy, a threshold element that closes a switch when the electrical energy reaches a predetermined threshold to discharge the electrical energy and cause the antenna to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal. The system includes a probe that transmits light into the patient's body and a processor that correlate the frequency of the RF signals to a distance from the probe to the marker.

A medical robot system, including a robot coupled to an effectuator element with the robot configured for controlled movement and positioning. The system may include a transmitter configured to emit one or more signals, and the transmitter is coupled to an instrument coupled to the effectuator element. The system may further include a motor assembly coupled to the robot and a plurality of receivers configured to receive the one or more signals emitted by the transmitter. A control unit is coupled to the motor assembly and the plurality of receivers, and the control unit is configured to supply one or more instruction signals to the motor assembly. The instruction signals can be configured to cause the motor assembly to selectively move the effectuator element and is further configured to (i) calculate a position of the at least one transmitter by analysis of the signals received by the plurality of receivers; (ii) display the position of the at least one transmitter with respect to the body of the patient; and (iii) selectively control actuation of the motor assembly in response to the signals received by the plurality of receivers.

A system for local metal distortion correction for using an accurate electromagnetic tracking system in a medical environment comprises an electromagnetic field generator monitoring a medical device having a suitable sensor coil. A correction function, derived from an error correction tool, is applied to the position and orientation readings of the sensor coil. The error correction tool comprises a number of electromagnetic sensors arranged in a fixed and known geometric configuration and is placed surrounding the site of the medical procedure. Sensor data is displayed on an imaging system. In addition, a distortion mapping can be done utilizing optical sensors for relative positioning readings along with an electromagnetic tracking system sensor.

The present disclosure relates to embodiments of a patient-specific or patient-matched, customized apparatus for assisting in various surgical procedures. In varying embodiments, patient-specific guides may comprise multiple patient-specific surfaces for mating with the underlying patient anatomy and may further comprise one or more protrusions or projections for facilitating placement and attachment, at least temporarily, to the desired location of the patient's anatomy. The apparatus described herein are preferably used with cervical and/or certain thoracic levels of the human spine and may comprise single or multi-level guides for placement of instruments and/or implants during a variety of surgical procedures.

Embodiments of the invention provide a system and method for resecting a tissue mass. The system for resecting a tissue mass includes a surgical instrument and a first sensor for measuring a signal corresponding to the position and orientation of the tissue mass. The first sensor is dimensioned to fit inside or next to the tissue mass. The system also includes a second sensor attached to the surgical instrument configured to measure the position and orientation of the surgical instrument. The second sensor is configured to receive the signal from the first sensor. A controller is in communication with the first sensor and/or the second sensor, and the controller executes a stored program to calculate a distance between the first sensor and the second sensor. Accordingly, visual, auditory, haptic or other feedback is provided to the clinician to guide the surgical instrument to the surgical margin.

A method for assessing the orthopaedic performance of a joint of a patient can comprise implanting at least a first and second RF wirelessly detectable markers in first and second bones associated with a site and determining and storing their positions before a surgical procedure is performed. The procedure can be carried out on the site and the positions of the first and second markers can be detected and stored after the procedure has been completed. The detected positions can be used to generate a representation of the orthopaedic performance of the joint after the procedure.

Markers and related systems and methods are provided for localizing lesions within a patient's body, e.g., within a breast. The marker includes one or more photosensitive diodes for transforming light pulses striking the marker into electrical energy, one or more antennas, and a switch coupled to the photodiodes and antennas such that the light pulses cause the switch to open and close and modulate radar signals reflected by the marker back to a source of the signals. The antenna(s) may include one or more wire elements extending from a housing, one or more antenna elements printed on a substrate, or one or more chip antennas. Optionally, the marker may include a processor coupled to the photodiodes for identifying signals in the light pulses or one or more coatings or filters to allow selective activation of the marker.

A positioning mark apparatus of a surgery navigation system and an implementation instrument thereof are disclosed. The positioning mark apparatus includes a positioning base and a frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module. One end of the positioning base is a lock portion having a screw structure, another end is a head having a joint structure, and a free end of the head has a fitting structure. The frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module has a sleeving structure that cooperates with the head structure and buckles with the joint structure. The frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module includes an antenna unit, a printed circuit board unit electrically connected to the antenna unit, and an electronic component battery unit supplying power to the printed circuit board unit. The frequency modulated radio frequency positioning module may transmit, according to a received frequency modulated signal, a feedback signal including a radio frequency signal to the external.

Markers, probes, and related systems and methods are provided for localizing locations within a patient's body, e.g., a lesion within a breast. The marker includes an energy converter e.g., one or more photodiodes, for transforming light energy striking the marker into electrical energy, a storage device coupled to the energy converter for storing the electrical energy, a threshold element that closes a switch when the electrical energy reaches a predetermined threshold to discharge the electrical energy and cause the antenna to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal. The system includes a probe that transmits light into the patient's body and a processor that correlate the frequency of the RF signals to a distance from the probe to the marker.

A medical instrument positioning tracking system according to the present invention comprises: a bar-type medical instrument of which the front end part is formed in a bar shape including needle and syringe shapes and which has an identification segment formed, on the rear end part thereof, in the longitudinal direction of the bar shape; a tracking multi-camera including a plurality of cameras provided at a plurality of locations so that the identification segment can be photographed in a plurality of time points; a display device for displaying an augmented reality image with the bar-type medical instrument as an augmented object and also displaying relevant information including location and angle information of the bar-type medical instrument; and a control device for acquiring, in real time, a tracking image capture by the tracking multi-camera for every frame, estimating a three-dimensional segment by using the acquired image, estimating the actual three-dimensional positioning of the bar-type medical instrument by using the location relationship between a pre-measured location of the bar-type medical instrument and the three-dimensional segment, and displaying, as an augmented reality image, the estimated three-dimensional positioning information including the location and angle information of the bar-type medical instrument on the display device.