A surgical system includes a surgical tool, a tracking system configured to obtain tracking data indicative of positions of the surgical tool relative to an anatomical feature, an acoustic device, and a computer system programmed to control the acoustic device to provide acoustic feedback to a user based on the tracking data.

A surgical system includes a robotic device, and a surgical tool coupled to the robotic device and comprising a distal end. The system further includes a neural monitor configured to generate an electrical signal and apply the electrical signal to the distal end of the surgical tool, wherein the electrical signal causes innervation of a first portion of a patient's anatomy which generates an electromyographic signal, and a sensor configured to measure the electromyographic signal. The neural monitor is configured to determine a distance between the distal end of the surgical tool and a portion of nervous tissue based on the electrical signal and the electromyographic signal, and cause feedback to be provided to a user based on the distance.

Methods of cutting bone using a robotic cutting system are provided. The robotic cutting system includes one or more controllers, a robotic manipulator, and one or more cutting tools, such as those including a bur or a saw blade, that can be coupled to the robotic manipulator. An initial cut, such as a notch, is made into the bone with the bur or the saw blade. This notch is then used to constrain the saw blade for limiting skiving of the saw blade during cutting along a cutting plane.

A robotic cutting system including a robotic manipulator and a cutting tool coupled to the robotic manipulator. The cutting tool comprises a saw blade. A controller is also coupled to the robotic manipulator. The controller is configured to control operation of the robotic manipulator, the cutting tool, and/or another cutting tool, to cut the bone in an initial stage of cutting until a notch is created in the bone at a predetermined depth. A final stage of cutting is then completed by cutting along the cutting plane.

A control method is provided to manage a surgical robot having an arm configured to hold a medical tool. The method includes receiving a set of sensor signals from sensors on the arm, generating a profile based on the set of sensor signals, comparing the profile to at least one signature, determining a state of the arm based on results of the comparison, and changing operation of the arm based on the state of the arm. The state of the arm is indicative of a predetermined condition that has occurred or will likely occur eminently. Changing operation of the arm prevents the condition from occurring or continuing. The robot arm may hold a medical tool for using during surgery or another medical procedure.

A surgical kit for performing a bone surgery, the surgical kit comprising an anchor module configured to be secured to a patient's bone with a removable module interface extending outwardly from an operative side of the anchor module; a cutting module configured to be superposable against the patient's bone, the cutting module having a slot extending therethrough along a plane and opening on a cutting module bone interface side and a cutting module operative side, wherein a bone-contacting surface of the anchor module is configured to contact the patient's bone on both sides of the plane; the cutting module being spaced from the anchor module by an open space, with and first and second connecting members connecting the cutting module to the anchor module.

Robotic system and methods for robotic arthroplasty. The robotic system includes a machining station and a guidance station. The guidance station tracks movement of various objects in the operating room, such as a surgical tool, a humerus of a patient, and a scapula of the patient. The guidance station tracks these objects for purposes of displaying their relative positions and orientations to the surgeon and, in some cases, for purposes of controlling movement of the surgical tool relative to virtual cutting boundaries or other virtual objects associated with the humerus and scapula to facilitate preparation of bone to receive a shoulder implant system.

Described herein are systems, apparatus, and methods for precise placement and guidance of tools during surgery, particularly spinal surgery, using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Several minimally invasive approaches to spinal surgeries were conceived, percutaneous technique being one of them. This procedures looks to establish a skin opening as small as possible by accessing inner organs via needle-puncture of the skin. The percutaneous technique is used in conjunction with a robotic surgical system to further enhance advantages of manual percutaneous techniques by improving precision, usability and/or shortening surgery time by removal of redundant steps.

Described herein are systems, apparatus, and methods for precise placement and guidance of tools during surgery, particularly spinal surgery, using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Several minimally invasive approaches to spinal surgeries were conceived, percutaneous technique being one of them. This procedures looks to establish a skin opening as small as possible by accessing inner organs via needle-puncture of the skin. The percutaneous technique is used in conjunction with a robotic surgical system to further enhance advantages of manual percutaneous techniques by improving precision, usability and/or shortening surgery time by removal of redundant steps.

According to an aspect, a preoperative planning method for a high-tibial knee osteotomy procedure is provided. The method includes: a) constructing a 3D model of a patient's bones; b) analyzing the 3D model to select a desired correction angle to apply to the patient's tibia bone to adjust a mechanical axis thereof; c) determining surgical steps required to apply the desired correction angle to the patient's tibia bone; d) designing a patient-specific guide to guide generic surgical tools in performing the surgical steps, the patient-specific guide being designed to conform to the anatomy of the patient's bones based on the 3D model; and e) manufacturing the patient-specific guide designed in step d). A corresponding kit, system and computer readable medium for performing the method are also provided.