A method and an Internet of Things (IoT) system for safely replacing a gas pipeline network component are provided. The method includes: acquiring a component feature of a gas numerical control component based on a data center; determining a replacement necessity degree of the gas numerical control component based on the component feature; determining a replacement parameter based on the replacement necessity degree; generating a replacement task instruction and a gas shutoff parameter based on the replacement parameter; in response to receiving a shutoff parameter confirmation instruction, generating a gas shutoff instruction and transmitting the gas shutoff instruction to a gas supply control device; generating gas shutoff reminder information; and in response to receiving a replacement completion message, determining a replaced component and updating a data partition corresponding to the replaced component.