A processing apparatus includes a carrier receiving region configured to receive a sample carrier with at least one channel that carries at least one sample. The apparatus further includes a thermal control device configured to thermal cycle the sample carrier when the sample carrier is installed in the carrier receiving region, thereby thermal cycling the sample carried therein. The apparatus further includes a thermal control system configured to control the temperature control device based on a predetermined set of target sample temperatures and a temperature map, which maps the predetermined set of target sample temperatures to a set of temperatures of the temperature control device. The set of temperatures of the temperature control device is different from the predetermined set of target sample temperatures, and the set of temperatures of the temperature control device thermal cycle the sample carrier with the temperatures of the predetermined set of target sample temperatures.

A processing apparatus includes a carrier receiving region configured to receive a sample carrier with at least one channel that carries at least one sample. The apparatus further includes a thermal control device configured to thermal cycle the sample carrier when the sample carrier is installed in the carrier receiving region, thereby thermal cycling the sample carried therein. The apparatus further includes a thermal control system configured to control the temperature control device based on a predetermined set of target sample temperatures and a temperature map, which maps the predetermined set of target sample temperatures to a set of temperatures of the temperature control device. The set of temperatures of the temperature control device is different from the predetermined set of target sample temperatures, and the set of temperatures of the temperature control device thermal cycle the sample carrier with the temperatures of the predetermined set of target sample temperatures.

A device for exchanging heat with a subject having skin is provided. The device includes a heat exchanging member having a heat transfer surface configured to form a heat conducting interface with the subject's skin. The device further includes a substantially flexible sensing device disposed in the interface between the heat exchanging member and the subject's skin. The sensing device is configured to measure a parameter of the interface without substantially impeding heat transfer between the heat exchanging member and the subject's skin.

A device for exchanging heat with a subject having skin is provided. The device includes a heat exchanging member having a heat transfer surface configured to form a heat conducting interface with the subject's skin. The device further includes a substantially flexible sensing device disposed in the interface between the heat exchanging member and the subject's skin. The sensing device is configured to measure a parameter of the interface without substantially impeding heat transfer between the heat exchanging member and the subject's skin.

Methods systems and apparatuses for reducing or substantially eliminating distortion in a transparent substrate in situ are disclosed.

Methods systems and apparatuses for reducing or substantially eliminating distortion in a transparent substrate in situ are disclosed.

A temperature display and/or control system is disclosed for a cooing apparatus, such as a grill, comprising a plurality of individual zones to provide individual zone temperatures. Each zone of the grill is associated with a temperature sensor, such as a thermocouple, and a visual indicator to indicate the zone temperature, such as control knob bearing a multi-color LED. A controller obtains a signal from the temperature sensor indicating a raw temperature and converts the raw temperature to an actual zone temperature based on a temperature profile selected for the zone. The temperature profile is configurable for each zone based on a configuration of the zone in order to maintain an accurate temperature conversion despite alterations to an environment.

A method for controlling rotational speed applied to a smart fan includes acquiring environmental temperature from a temperature sensor and radiation intensity of human body from an infrared sensor. A result of analysis is generated by determining whether the acquired environmental temperature is within a predetermined temperature range and the acquired radiation intensity is greater than a predetermined value. A working status of the smart fan can be changed according to the result when the smart fan is in automatic mode.

A method for controlling rotational speed applied to a smart fan includes acquiring environmental temperature from a temperature sensor and radiation intensity of human body from an infrared sensor. A result of analysis is generated by determining whether the acquired environmental temperature is within a predetermined temperature range and the acquired radiation intensity is greater than a predetermined value. A working status of the smart fan can be changed according to the result when the smart fan is in automatic mode.

A plurality of temperature adjusters each independently include a control loop. A manipulated variable calculator is configured to give manipulated variables to the respective temperature adjusters and includes a reference model output generator configured to provide a reference model as a response output for reaching a temperature setpoint when a first control loop having a slowest response speed among the control loops is defined to have a 100% manipulated variable. The reference model output generator includes: a simulator configured to determine a manipulated variable pattern by conducting successive search of a switching time; and a reference model obtained from a response in which, among the plurality of control loops, the first control loop having the slowest response speed is defined to have the 100% manipulated variable, and the rest of the plurality of control loops are controlled to follow the first control loop.