An intramedullary nail for implantation within a fractured bone. The intramedullary nail includes two or more nail modules. Each nail module has an elongated body with a first end and a second end. For each nail module, at least one of the first end or the second end is a connecting end configured to connect to a second connecting end on a second nail module.

A spinal implant system includes bone growth promoting material, and an electrical bone growth stimulator. The electrical bone growth stimulator includes a mesh that surrounds at least a portion of the bone growth material, and the electrical bone growth stimulator is configured to conduct an electric current to stimulate tissue growth adjacent to the electrical bone growth stimulator.

An apparatus for controlling a degradation rate of an artificial bone in vitro, a degradation method, and an artificial bone are disclosed. The apparatus includes: a variable resistor; and a wearable component, comprising: a metal wire electrically connected in series with the variable resistor and configured to generate an alternating magnetic field; and an insulating textile layer by which the outside of the metal wire is covered.

A bone implant includes a rod having an aperture extending entirely through the rod. The aperture is to receive a fastener to couple the rod to a bone of a patient. The bone implant also includes a light source disposed on the rod. The light source is to emit light onto a portion of the bone adjacent the rod to at least one of stimulate bone growth or reduce bone loss.

A system and method for altering bone growth on and within an orthopedic implant that includes an implant body; a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode is at least partially embedded in the implant body, and comprises: a set of primary electrodes comprising at least one electrode, wherein a non-embedded segment of each primary electrode is proximal to a bone growth region, a set of secondary electrodes comprising at least one electrode, wherein a non-embedded segment of each secondary electrode is distal to the bone growth region, and wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to function in a stimulation operating mode, such that a subset of primary electrodes function as cathodes and a subset of secondary electrodes function as anodes; a control system comprising a processor, and circuitry that connects to the plurality of electrodes; and a power system.

A system and method for altering bone growth on and within an orthopedic implant comprising an implant body, wherein the implant body comprises an exterior surface and an interior surface defining an internal cavity of the implant body, a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode is at least partially embedded in the implant body, and comprises at least, a first set of the plurality of electrodes 116, composed of a first material, and a second set of the plurality of electrodes, composed of a second material; and a control system, comprising a processor and circuitry that connects to the plurality of electrodes, wherein the processor, through operating modes, provides machine instructions to control direction and magnitude of current traveling through each electrode from the plurality of electrodes; and a power system, comprising a power source and circuitry that provides electrical power for function of the plurality of electrodes.

The present application relates to stacked piezoelectric composites comprising piezoelectric structures. Suitably, the composites are useful as tissue-stimulating implants, including spinal fusion implants. The present application also relates to methods of making stacked piezoelectric composites.

A bone implant includes a rod having an aperture extending entirely through the rod. The aperture is to receive a fastener to couple the rod to a bone of a patient. The bone implant also includes a light source disposed on the rod. The light source is to emit light onto a portion of the bone adjacent the rod to at least one of stimulate bone growth or reduce bone loss.

There is a need for methods that can produce piezoelectric composites having suitable physical characteristics and also optimized electrical stimulatory proper-ties. The present application provides piezo-electric composites, including tissue-stimu-lating composites, as well as methods of making such composites, that meet these needs. In embodiments, methods of making a spinal implant are provided. The methods suitably comprise preparing a thermoset, thermoplastic or thermoset/thermoplastic, or copolymer polymerizable matrix, dispersing a plurality of piezoelectric particles in the polymerizable matrix to generate dispersion, shaping the dispersion, inducing an electric polarization in the piezoelectric particles in the shaped dispersion, wherein at least 40% of the piezoelectric particles form chains.

A spinal implant system includes bone growth promoting material, and an electrical bone growth stimulator. The electrical bone growth stimulator includes a mesh that surrounds at least a portion of the bone growth material, and the electrical bone growth stimulator is configured to conduct an electric current to stimulate tissue growth adjacent to the electrical bone growth stimulator.