A bone graft system includes a two-dimensional mesh sheet sized and shaped to, when folded along fold lines, form a three-dimensional graft containment structure configured to be packed with a bone graft material for placement within a target area of a bone, the mesh sheet including a first end flap connected to a remaining portion of the mesh sheet via a first fold line and a second end flap connected to the remaining portion of the mesh sheet via a second fold line, a third fold line extending from the first fold line to the second fold line so that the remaining portion is configured to be wrapped around folded first and second end flaps to form the graft containment structure, the first and second end flaps substantially corresponding to a profile of the target area of the bone.

A filament or printing material placed in a syringe for 3D printing comprising polymers, proteins, and/or functional particles and materials is provided. Methods of treating a bone defect in a subject in need thereof comprising using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe to the bone defect of the subject are also provided. Methods of fixing or gluing natural or synthetic bone grafts using a handheld 3D printer to apply a filament or the printing material placed in a syringe over and around the defect or at the interface of a flap and the bone. Methods of printing a graft cage for retaining bone grafts and/or bone graft substitute in its desired location during healing for treatment of critical-sized segmental defects in long bones are provided.

Computer implemented methods of producing a bone graft are provided. These methods include obtaining a 3-D image of an intended bone graft site; generating a 3-D digital model of the bone graft based on the 3-D image of the intended bone graft site, the 3-D digital model of the bone graft being configured to fit within a 3-D digital model of the intended bone graft site; storing the 3-D digital model on a database coupled to a processor, the processor having instructions for retrieving the stored 3-D digital model of the bone graft and for combining a carrier material with, in or on a bone material based on the stored 3-D digital model and for instructing a 3-D printer to produce the bone graft. A layered 3-D printed bone graft prepared by the computer implemented method is also provided.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a flexible scaffold implant comprising a plurality of layered structures, the plurality of layered structures comprising: a first layered structure having a three-dimensional (3D) shape and formed from a bioresorbable material, and a second layered structure conforming to the corresponding 3D shape of the first layered structure and formed from the bioresorbable material. The first layered structure is arranged in proximity to the second layered structure. The first layered structure is configured to dissolve for resorption at a different rate than the second layered structure based on design elements of the first layered structure and the second layered structure. The plurality of layered structures are flexible.

A bone implant for enclosing bone material is provided. The bone implant comprises a nonwoven mesh having an inner surface and an outer surface opposing the inner surface and configured to receive a bone material when the inner surface of the mesh is in an open configuration. A plurality of projections are disposed on or in at least a portion of the inner surface of the mesh, the outer surface of the mesh or both the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh, the plurality of projections extending from at least the portion of the inner surface, the outer surface of the mesh or both the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh and are configured to engage a section of the inner surface of the mesh or a section of the outer surface of the mesh or both in a closed configuration so as to enclose the bone material.

A bone implant for enclosing bone material is provided. The bone implant comprises a woven or knit mesh having an inner surface and an outer surface opposing the inner surface and configured to receive a bone material when the inner surface of the mesh is in an open configuration. A plurality of projections are disposed on or in at least a portion of the inner surface of the mesh, the outer surface of the mesh or both the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh, the plurality of projections extending from at least the portion of the inner surface, the outer surface or both the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh and are configured to engage a section of the inner or outer surfaces of the mesh or both in a closed configuration so as to enclose the bone material.

The methods disclosed herein of generating three-dimensional lattice structures and reducing stress shielding have applications including use in medical implants. One method of generating a three-dimensional lattice structure can be used to generate a structure lattice and/or a lattice scaffold to support bone or tissue growth. One method of reducing stress shielding includes generating a structural lattice to provide sole mechanical spacing across an area for desired bone or tissue growth. Some examples can use a repeating modified rhombic dodecahedron or radial dodeca-rhombus unit cell. Some methods are also capable of providing a lattice structure with anisotropic properties to better suit the lattice for its intended purpose.

A knotless tensionable fixation system may be utilized for performing surgical methods for repairing tissue defects within a joint. An exemplary surgical method may include fixating a graft over top of the tissue defect with the knotless tensionable knotless fixation system. The knotless tensionable fixation system may include a plurality of knotless suture anchors, the graft, and a reinforcement construct. The reinforcement construct may establish a fixed segment of material over the graft after being secured in place by the plurality of knotless suture anchors.

In various embodiments, an implant for interfacing with a bone structure includes a web structure including a space truss. The space truss includes two or more planar truss units having a plurality of struts joined at nodes and the web structure is configured to interface with human bone tissue. In some embodiments, a method is provided that includes accessing an intersomatic space and inserting an implant into the intersomatic space. The implant includes a web structure including a space truss. The space truss includes two or more planar truss units having a plurality of struts joined at nodes and the web structure is configured to interface with human bone tissue.

A bone plate system for use in an “open door” laminoplasty procedure, including a bone plate, a first fixation element, and at least one second fixation element. The bone plate is elongated and has a generally curved shape such that the plate has an associated radius of curvature. The plate is sized and dimensioned to span a gap between a pair of bony segments, for example a pair of bony segments constituting a divided lamina. The first and second fixation elements are each configured to securely attach the bone plate to the bony segments. The bone plate has a first end including a generally U-shaped slot extending therein such that the open end of the slot comprises a first terminal end of the plate.