A vehicle system having: a hardware level, a first operating system, and a virtual machine integrated on the hardware level having a second operating system. A hypervisor operates the virtual machine such that the first and the second operating systems) are operated in parallel on the hardware. A first application is executed on the first operating system and a second application is executed on the second operating system. The first application has a higher safety standard than the second application. The second operating system is configured to be operated in suspend-to-RAM mode while the first operating system is switched off.

Technologies for facilitating communication between a master programmable logic controller and one or more target drives are disclosed. In an illustrative embodiment, a remote device emulation appliance is configured to receive a communication from a master programmable logic controller that is formatted according to a remote input/output protocol unusable by the target drive. The remote device emulation appliance converts the communication from the remote input/output protocol to a drive protocol usable by the target drive to control operations of the drive and transmits the converted communication to the target drive. The remote device emulation appliance may also convert communications received from the target drive from the drive protocol usable by the target drive to the remote input/output protocol and transmit such converted communications to the master programmable logic controller.

A device connectable between a host computer and a computer peripheral over a standard bus interface is disclosed, used to improve security, and to detect and prevent malware operation. Messages passing between the host computer and the computer peripherals are intercepted and analyzed based on pre-configured criteria, and legitimate messages transparently pass through the device, while suspected messages are blocked. The device communicates with the host computer and the computer peripheral using proprietary or industry standard protocol or bus, which may be based on a point-to-point serial communication such as USB or SATA. The messages may be stored in the device for future analysis, and may be blocked based on current or past analysis of the messages. The device may serve as a VPN client and securely communicate with a VPN server using the host Internet connection.

Aspects of peripheral device sharing for virtual machines are described. In some aspects, a virtual machine requires access to a peripheral device. The virtual machine is executed in a first host computing system. A table is accessed, and includes a list of peripheral devices, an indication that the peripheral device is connected to a second host computing system, a bandwidth requirement of the peripheral device, and a network bandwidth allocated to the virtual machine. The virtual machine is provided with access to the peripheral device based on a comparison between the bandwidth requirement of the peripheral device, and a threshold percentage of the network bandwidth allocated to the virtual machine.

A portable computer-peripheral apparatus comprises a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. The apparatus is operable to communicate with a computer terminal (e.g. a PC). Following connection to the PC, the apparatus initialises (i.e. presents or enumerates itself) as a HID keyboard and then sends to the terminal a first predefined sequence of keycodes automatically without manual interaction; the keycodes complying with the human interface device (HID) keyboard standard protocol. Each keycode represents and simulates a keystroke, such as those performed when a user strikes a key on the PC keyboard. The keycode sequence automates the direct access to content, and/or or the initiation of a task or other process.

A portable computer-peripheral apparatus comprises a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. The apparatus is operable to communicate with a computer terminal (e.g. a PC). Following connection to the PC, the apparatus initialises (i.e. presents or enumerates itself) as a HID keyboard and then sends to the terminal a first predefined sequence of keycodes automatically without manual interaction; the keycodes complying with the human interface device (HID) keyboard standard protocol. Each keycode represents and simulates a keystroke, such as those performed when a user strikes a key on the PC keyboard. The keycode sequence automates the direct access to content, and/or or the initiation of a task or other process.

A memory system includes a memory in which stored data is periodically rewritten by a refresh command, and a memory controller. The memory has an input/output (I/O) terminal, and the memory controller is communicatively coupled by a channel to the I/O terminal. The memory transmits a plurality of commands over the channel to the memory. The memory controller estimates a first total energy consumed based on the plurality of commands during a first sampling period, determines a temperature of the memory based on the first total energy consumed in the first sampling period, determines a first refresh cycle rate corresponding to the first temperature of the memory and transmits a refresh command to the memory based on the first refresh cycle rate.

One embodiment provides an apparatus comprising a first processor to execute a function driver for a peripheral having a first bus interface and virtualized host controller interface logic to provide a protocol interface associated with the first bus interface to the function driver to enable the function driver to control a set of peripherals connected via at least a second bus interface, the second bus interface different from the first bus interface.

Technologies for improving enumeration of universal serial bus (USB) devices over a media agnostic USB (MAUSB) connection are disclosed. In the illustrative embodiment, an MAUSB device may send USB configuration data to a host compute device. The host compute device may then perform a virtual enumeration of the USB devices based on the USB configuration data without necessarily communicating with the USB devices. The MAUSB device may perform an enumeration of the USB devices on behalf of the host compute devices without necessarily communicating with the host compute device. The USB devices may not be aware or have any indication that the USB device is not communicating with the host compute device during the enumeration process. Such an approach may improve the latency of USB enumeration over an MAUSB connection.

An autocompletion feature for a command line interface communicates directly with the shell to obtain candidates to complete a partially-formed CLI command. A terminal emulator generates autocompletion request sequences that are intercepted by a custom shell script integrated with the shell. The custom shell script uses its own autocompletion engine and a CLI command repository with the most current and historical versions of the CLI command structure to obtain autocompletion candidates. In this manner, the shell may be hosted in a remote device or in a separate execution environment without impacting the device hosting the terminal emulator for updates to the CLI command structure.