The disclosure following relates generally to complex simulations, and fault diagnosis. In some embodiments, a component that is causing a delayed simulation time of a system is determined. A component of reduced complexity is designed, and the component of reduced complexity is used to replace the original component in the system. Fault diagnosis may then be conducted using the updated system with the reduced complexity component, thus decreasing the time taken to diagnose the fault.

A storage unit stores a flow matrix representing the flows between a plurality of entities to be assigned to a plurality of destinations, and a distance matrix representing the distances between the plurality of destinations. A processing unit calculates a first change in an evaluation function, which is to be caused by a first assignment change of exchanging the destinations of first and second entities among the plurality of entities, with vector arithmetic operations based on the flow and distance matrices, determines based on the first change whether to accept the first assignment change, and when determining to accept the first assignment change, updates an assignment state and updates the distance matrix by swapping the two columns or two rows (two columns in the example of FIG. 2) of the distance matrix corresponding to the first and second entities.

A storage unit stores a flow matrix representing the flows between a plurality of entities to be assigned to a plurality of destinations, and a distance matrix representing the distances between the plurality of destinations. A processing unit calculates a first change in an evaluation function, which is to be caused by a first assignment change of exchanging the destinations of first and second entities among the plurality of entities, with vector arithmetic operations based on the flow and distance matrices, determines based on the first change whether to accept the first assignment change, and when determining to accept the first assignment change, updates an assignment state and updates the distance matrix by swapping the two columns or two rows (two columns in the example of FIG. 2) of the distance matrix corresponding to the first and second entities.

A method for performing a modified two point flux approximation scheme is disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a first pressure value for a first neighbor cell and a second pressure value for a second neighbor cell, where the first neighbor cell has a first value of a reservoir property and the second neighbor cell as a second value of the reservoir property; determining a first weight using the first pressure value and a second weight using the second pressure value; calculating a third value of the reservoir property as a weighted average of the first value and the second value; and applying the third value to the first neighbor cell.

A method for performing a modified two point flux approximation scheme is disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a first pressure value for a first neighbor cell and a second pressure value for a second neighbor cell, where the first neighbor cell has a first value of a reservoir property and the second neighbor cell as a second value of the reservoir property; determining a first weight using the first pressure value and a second weight using the second pressure value; calculating a third value of the reservoir property as a weighted average of the first value and the second value; and applying the third value to the first neighbor cell.

System for creating a surroundings model of a motor vehicle, which is or can be connected with: at least one navigation unit, which is equipped to provide information about the instantaneous position of the vehicle and information about at least one segment of road in front of the vehicle in time and space, wherein the navigation unit provides the information in a digital map format and/or in absolute position information, at least one interface, which is equipped to communicate with at least one object to be merged in the surroundings of the vehicle, wherein the information received by the interface includes absolute position information on the at least one object to be merged, and/or at least one sensor unit, which is equipped to detect at least one object to be merged in the surroundings of the vehicle, wherein the at least one sensor unit is additionally equipped to provide relative position information on the at least one object to be merged relative to the vehicle, wherein the system is equipped to ascertain the geometry of a segment of road in front of the vehicle by using the information supplied by the at least one navigation unit about the segment of road in front of the vehicle, wherein the system is equipped to merge the absolute position information and/or the relative position information on the at least one object to be merged with information provided by the at least one navigation unit in the digital map format to create a vehicle surroundings model based on the geometry of the road thereby ascertained.

System for creating a surroundings model of a motor vehicle, which is or can be connected with: at least one navigation unit, which is equipped to provide information about the instantaneous position of the vehicle and information about at least one segment of road in front of the vehicle in time and space, wherein the navigation unit provides the information in a digital map format and/or in absolute position information, at least one interface, which is equipped to communicate with at least one object to be merged in the surroundings of the vehicle, wherein the information received by the interface includes absolute position information on the at least one object to be merged, and/or at least one sensor unit, which is equipped to detect at least one object to be merged in the surroundings of the vehicle, wherein the at least one sensor unit is additionally equipped to provide relative position information on the at least one object to be merged relative to the vehicle, wherein the system is equipped to ascertain the geometry of a segment of road in front of the vehicle by using the information supplied by the at least one navigation unit about the segment of road in front of the vehicle, wherein the system is equipped to merge the absolute position information and/or the relative position information on the at least one object to be merged with information provided by the at least one navigation unit in the digital map format to create a vehicle surroundings model based on the geometry of the road thereby ascertained.

A flow analysis apparatus is provided. The flow analysis apparatus includes a flow analyzer configured to derive a plurality of output signals by performing flow analysis for a plurality of cells by using a flow analytic model for simulating numerical analysis by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with respect to a plurality of cells that divide a space around a component, and an analysis optimizer configured to perform optimization for the plurality of output signals.

A flow analysis apparatus is provided. The flow analysis apparatus includes a flow analyzer configured to derive a plurality of output signals by performing flow analysis for a plurality of cells by using a flow analytic model for simulating numerical analysis by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with respect to a plurality of cells that divide a space around a component, and an analysis optimizer configured to perform optimization for the plurality of output signals.

The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method for object tracking, the method including the steps of defining a state-space of interest based on a class of objects subject to tracking. Further, the method includes the step of representing the state-space of interest using a FEM representation partitioning the state-space of interest in elements. Further, the method includes initiating a state-space distribution defining a probability density for different states of at least one tracked object in the state-space of interest. Moreover, the method updates the state-space distribution based on evidence, wherein the evidence being at least one of sensor data and external data of at least one tracked object in said class of objects. Furthermore, the method propagates the state-space distribution of the at least one tracked object for a time period.