A program exchange system includes an exchange information managing server and a program exchange server. The exchange information managing server manages exchange information, the exchange information indicating a necessity to exchange at least one of a firmware program and an application program, corresponding to a combination of a version of the firmware program on an image forming apparatus and a version of the application program on the image forming apparatus. The program exchange server exchanges the program on the target image forming apparatus. The program exchange server determines the necessity to exchange the program on the target image forming apparatus based on the combination of the version of the firmware program on the target image forming apparatus and the version of the application program on the target image forming apparatus, and the exchange information managed by the exchange information managing server.

An information processing device may receive, from a server, identification information for identifying an image file being stored in the server and status information indicating a print process status of the image file, display a first screen indicating these information, and send a change instruction to the server. The change instruction may be for changing status information of a designated image file into a first status indicating where a print process for an image file has not been performed. The information processing device may send print instruction information and authentication information to a printer. The print instruction information may be for causing the printer to acquire print data from the server. The authentication information may be used by the printer to acquire the print data from the server.

Example systems and related methods may relate to processing and printing print data in the case of an error. Namely, a printing device may include a communication interface and a controller. The controller includes a processor configured to execute instructions. The instructions include receiving multi-page print data in a first file format via a communication interface. The instructions also include when an error condition is determined during print data processing, responsively transmitting an error message via the communication interface and storing an error page location. The instructions further include receiving the print data in a second file format and determining a remainder portion and a discard portion of the print data in the second file format based on the error page location. The instructions further include processing the remainder portion of the print data in the second file format.

An apparatus including a communication unit configured to communicate with a communication device and be able to output data stored in a memory to the communication device even without power supplied from a power supply to the apparatus stores, in the memory, status information to specify the status of the apparatus in a state in which the power supply supplies the power to the apparatus.

A print control system includes one or more first printers each having a print unit that can print on print media, a second printer that communicates with the first printers via a first network and has a print unit that can print on print media, and a print control server that connects to the second printer through a second network. The control print server sends, to the second printer, configuration control data containing attribute information that can be used to identify one of the first printers. The second printer forwards the configuration control data to the identified first printer and the identified first printer executes a configuration process in response to the configuration control data.

Queries from a control device are answered based on the data actually used. When a control command is received from a host computer, the recording control unit of a printer changes a value related to the recordable area stored in a temporary storage area according to the content of the control command, uses the new value to record in the recordable area, and returns the new value when queried by the host computer about the setting for which the value was changed.

A control device includes: a first controller that includes a first memory configured to store data on control of plural devices connected to the first controller, and a recognizing unit configured to recognize the first memory as plural blocks each of which contains data of at least one of the plural devices; and a second controller that includes a processing unit configured to perform processing for controlling the plural devices, a requesting unit configured to designate a block for the first controller and request the first controller to read data, and a second memory configured to store the data of the block, the data being received from the first controller.

In a relaying apparatus, a storage stores a plurality of sets of first device information, and second device information assigned to a first set of first device information identifying one image processing apparatus from among image processing apparatuses. The controller communicates with the one image processing apparatus and a service-providing apparatus. The controller receives replacement request information from the one information processing terminal via the communication interface. The replacement request information including old first device information and new first device information. The old first device information indicates the one image processing apparatus. The new first device information indicates another image processing apparatus. The controller replaces the first set of first device information so that the first set of first device information identifies the another image processing apparatus indicated by the new first device information instead of the one image processing apparatus indicated by the old first device information.

A printing unit comprises: a communication unit configured to be connected to a communication line to which a plurality of print data transmission devices are connectable; a memory unit configured to store print data received by the communication unit; a printing unit including a roller mechanism for sending recording paper and being configured to drive a printing mechanism based on the print data stored in the memory unit to print on the recording paper; and a control unit configured to determine, in response to receiving a connection request from a first print data transmission device by the communication unit, whether or not the printing apparatus is connected to another print data transmission device for communication, cause the communication unit to send as a reply a first response for causing the first print data transmission device to wait to start transmission of print data when the printing apparatus is connected to the another print data transmission device for communication, and cause the communication unit to send as a reply a second response for allowing the first print data transmission device to transmit the print data after the printing apparatus and the another print data transmission device end the communication connection.

Example systems and related methods may relate to processing and printing print data in the case of an error. Namely, a printing device may include a communication interface and a controller. The controller includes a processor configured to execute instructions. The instructions include receiving multi-page print data in a first file format via a communication interface. The instructions also include when an error condition is determined during print data processing, responsively transmitting an error message via the communication interface and storing an error page location. The instructions further include receiving the print data in a second file format and determining a remainder portion and a discard portion of the print data in the second file format based on the error page location. The instructions further include processing the remainder portion of the print data in the second file format.