Techniques are disclosed relating to arbitration for computer memory resources. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes queue circuitry that implements multiple queues configured to queue requests to access a memory bus. Control circuitry may, in response to detecting a first threshold condition associated with the queue circuitry, generate a first snapshot that indicates numbers of requests in respective queues of the multiple queues at a first time. The control circuitry may generate a second snapshot that indicates numbers of requests in respective queues of the multiple queues at a second time that is subsequent to the first time. The control circuitry may arbitrate between requests from the multiple queues to select requests to access the memory bus, where the arbitration is based on snapshots to which requests from the multiple queues belong. Disclosed techniques may approximate age-based scheduling while reducing area and power consumption.

Techniques are disclosed relating to arbitration for computer memory resources. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes queue circuitry that implements multiple queues configured to queue requests to access a memory bus. Control circuitry may, in response to detecting a first threshold condition associated with the queue circuitry, generate a first snapshot that indicates numbers of requests in respective queues of the multiple queues at a first time. The control circuitry may generate a second snapshot that indicates numbers of requests in respective queues of the multiple queues at a second time that is subsequent to the first time. The control circuitry may arbitrate between requests from the multiple queues to select requests to access the memory bus, where the arbitration is based on snapshots to which requests from the multiple queues belong. Disclosed techniques may approximate age-based scheduling while reducing area and power consumption.

In one embodiment, a method is for rendering medical volumetric images from received volumetric data, using a cinematic rendering approach, based on a Monte Carlo path tracing algorithm (MCPT). The MCPT algorithm uses at least one microfacet-based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) for computing a probability how light is reflected at an implicit surface which is used for shading the implicit surface. In one embodiment, the method includes detecting if a surface scatter event is triggered. If yes, the method includes modifying the computation of a local gradient in the BRDF by perturbing the respective received volumetric data by applying a noise function for simulating a roughness of the implicit surface; and shading the implicit surfaces for rendering the received volumetric data.

In one embodiment, a method is for rendering medical volumetric images from received volumetric data, using a cinematic rendering approach, based on a Monte Carlo path tracing algorithm (MCPT). The MCPT algorithm uses at least one microfacet-based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) for computing a probability how light is reflected at an implicit surface which is used for shading the implicit surface. In one embodiment, the method includes detecting if a surface scatter event is triggered. If yes, the method includes modifying the computation of a local gradient in the BRDF by perturbing the respective received volumetric data by applying a noise function for simulating a roughness of the implicit surface; and shading the implicit surfaces for rendering the received volumetric data.

Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, devices, and machine-readable media for 3D radar weather data rendering techniques. A computer-implemented method for 3D radar weather data rendering includes retrieving weather data from a weather radar. Gridded data is generated based on the weather data. The gridded data includes a uniform grid of cubes, where each of the cubes is associated with at least one weather parameter value of a plurality of weather parameter values corresponding to the weather data. A triangular mesh for a data grouping within the gridded data is extracted. An object file including vertices and faces associated with the triangular mesh is generated. The object file is communicated to a three-dimensional (3D) visualization system to present a 3D rendering of the object file.

Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, devices, and machine-readable media for 3D radar weather data rendering techniques. A computer-implemented method for 3D radar weather data rendering includes retrieving weather data from a weather radar. Gridded data is generated based on the weather data. The gridded data includes a uniform grid of cubes, where each of the cubes is associated with at least one weather parameter value of a plurality of weather parameter values corresponding to the weather data. A triangular mesh for a data grouping within the gridded data is extracted. An object file including vertices and faces associated with the triangular mesh is generated. The object file is communicated to a three-dimensional (3D) visualization system to present a 3D rendering of the object file.

The present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for a computer-assisted planning of a surgical path. The method includes accessing a data set of a computer-readable three-dimensional visualization medical representation including at least one three-dimensional medical model; loading the data set into and presenting the data set in a three-dimensional surgical path simulator; inserting a virtual three-dimensional object representing for the surgical path and features thereof into the data set; and adjusting a relative position of the virtual three-dimensional object with respect to the at least one three-dimensional medical model.

The present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for a computer-assisted planning of a surgical path. The method includes accessing a data set of a computer-readable three-dimensional visualization medical representation including at least one three-dimensional medical model; loading the data set into and presenting the data set in a three-dimensional surgical path simulator; inserting a virtual three-dimensional object representing for the surgical path and features thereof into the data set; and adjusting a relative position of the virtual three-dimensional object with respect to the at least one three-dimensional medical model.

In various examples, shader bindings may be recorded in a shader binding table that includes shader records. Geometry of a 3D scene may be instantiated using object instances, and each may be associated with a respective set of the shader records using a location identifier of the set of shader records in memory. The set of shader records may represent shader bindings for an object instance under various predefined conditions. One or more of these predefined conditions may be implicit in the way the shader records are arranged in memory (e.g., indexed by ray type, by sub-geometry, etc.). For example, a section selector value (e.g., a section index) may be computed to locate and select a shader record based at least in part on a result of a ray tracing query (e.g., what sub-geometry was hit, what ray type was traced, etc.).

In various examples, shader bindings may be recorded in a shader binding table that includes shader records. Geometry of a 3D scene may be instantiated using object instances, and each may be associated with a respective set of the shader records using a location identifier of the set of shader records in memory. The set of shader records may represent shader bindings for an object instance under various predefined conditions. One or more of these predefined conditions may be implicit in the way the shader records are arranged in memory (e.g., indexed by ray type, by sub-geometry, etc.). For example, a section selector value (e.g., a section index) may be computed to locate and select a shader record based at least in part on a result of a ray tracing query (e.g., what sub-geometry was hit, what ray type was traced, etc.).