The invention provides a Raman-detectible composition comprising two or more different Raman-active 2D materials. Also provided is a formulation comprising the Raman-detectible composition and a binder; a substrate comprising the Raman-detectible composition; the use of the Raman-detectible composition to tag a substrate; a method for tagging a substrate with the Raman-detectible composition; and a method for analysing a substrate or formulation for the presence of the Raman detectible composition.

A system and method for authenticating an item, including a photoluminescent material disposed on or in a substrate and capable of absorbing an incident radiation from a radiation source and emitting an emitted radiation having a spectral signature with a decay time after removal of the radiation source, and a photoauthentication device capable of being disposed in contact with the substrate and including the radiation source and a camera, where, in connection with providing the incident radiation and measuring the emitted radiation, the photoauthentication device is translated across the substrate while the photoauthentication device is disposed in contact with the substrate, and after translation across or over the substrate and the radiation source is not providing the incident radiation, the photoauthentication device is static with respect to the substrate and the camera is disposed over the photoluminescent material emitting the emitted radiation when the emitted radiation is measured.

The invention refers to a computer-implemented method of analyzing security documents having visible information and at least one of infrared and ultraviolet detectable information, the method comprising the steps of: receiving visible-color data of a first set of pixels of a first region of the security document in a first image of the security document and feeding the visible-color data to a convolutional neural network, CNN; receiving infrared, IR, and/or ultraviolet, UV, data of a second and/or third set of pixels of a respective second and/or third region in a respective second and/or third image of the security document and feeding the IR and/or UV data to the CNN; analyzing the visible-color data of the first set of pixels using the CNN to extract characteristics of the security document from the visible information; and analyzing the IR and/or UV data of the second and/or third set of pixels using the CNN to extract characteristics of the security document from the IR and/or UV information. Further, a corresponding system is provided.

An authentication device (20) comprises one or more flakes of a substantially two-dimensional material (14). The one or more flakes of the substantially two-dimensional material (14) have an operative area configured to emit, by non-resonant photoluminescence, electromagnetic radiation with a property that varies with position in the operative area.

Proceeds deposit machine has determination setting data containing correspondence between types of the coupons and information relating to necessity of authentication determination. A type determination unit determines the type of deposited coupon and then refers to the determination setting data. If yes has been set for the necessity of the authentication determination for the determined type of coupon, an authentication determination unit performs authentication determination. If the coupon is determined to be counterfeit as result of the authentication determination, the proceeds deposit machine discharges this coupon. If the coupon is determined to be genuine, proceeds deposit machine stores this coupon in one of sheet cassettes. If no has been set for the necessity of the authentication determination for the determined type of the coupon, proceeds deposit machine stores this coupon in one of the sheet cassettes without performing the authentication determination by the authentication determination unit.

A document forgery detection method comprising using at least one processor for providing at least one histogram of gray level values occurring in at least a portion of at least one channel of an image assumed to represent a document including text, the histogram having been generated by image processing at least a portion of at least one channel of an image assumed to represent a document including text, the image having been sent by a remote end user to an online service over a computer network, evaluating monotony of at least a portion of the at least one histogram; and determining whether the image is authentic or forged based on at least one output of the evaluating.

The present invention relates to a method of identifying and/or distinguishing materials by means of luminescence, wherein at least one luminescent substance is incorporated into the material and/or applied onto the material and the luminescence behaviour of the substance is analysed after excitation by means of radiation, and the use thereof for identifying and/or sorting and/or recycling and/or authenticating and/or performing a quality check and/or formulation check on materials.

The present invention relates to an optical article that includes, a mark that is positioned on and/or within the first surface of an optical substrate thereof, and a photochromic layer that includes at least one photochromic compound and which resides over at least a portion of the first surface. The mark includes a photoluminescent material. The first surface of the optical substrate is exposed to a source of actinic radiation, the photochromic compound has an activation time after exposure to the source of actinic radiation, and the mark luminesces and is visually observable during at least a portion of the activation time. The present invention also relates to: an optical article that includes, a mark that is positioned within the first surface of an optical substrate thereof, and at least one photochromic compound that is also positioned within the first surface; and methods of making such optical articles.

A method for verifying a security device including an image having a signature. The method may include operations for acquiring the image in order to obtain a first representation of the image, extracting the signature, and verifying the signature. Also included are implementations in the form of a verification apparatus, a computer program, and a computer data medium including such a computer program.

The invention provides formulations and masterbatches of a polymeric material and XRF-identifiable markers, for producing transparent elements including a polymer and at least one XRF-identifiable marker for a variety of industrial uses.