Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies.

The present invention discloses a layered electro-magnetic refreshable braille display device and braille reader. The layered electro-magnetic refreshable braille display device includes three layers of braille display modules and a touch panel. Each braille display module includes 5 plates and a plurality of tactile pin driving mechanisms for driving the “up” and “down” of the braille dots. One or more lines of braille cells are arranged on the touch panel. Each line of braille cells displays a plurality of braille characters. A microprocessor is connected to a braille translation module, a voice playing module and an interaction controller respectively, wherein the interaction controller is connected to the braille display device, to form the braille reader. This device can display one or more lines of braille characters by relying on the electro-magnetic principle. It boasts real-time refreshing of the braille, synchronization of braille display and voice playing.

Devices and methods for providing haptic feedback to a user. A first solenoid is constructed and arranged to move a first magnetic object to a first end of the first solenoid where the first magnetic object can be felt by the user when a current is supplied through the first solenoid. A second solenoid is constructed and arranged to move a second magnetic object to a first end of the second solenoid where the second magnetic object can be felt by the user when a current is supplied through the second solenoid. The first and second magnetic objects have different shapes so as to provide different haptic feedback sensations to the user.

This application relates to an information output device using a unit block module. Due to the use of the unit block module, apparatus of various sizes may be simply constructed and/or designed, durability and user convenience may be improved, waterproof properties are provided, power consumption is minimized, and an operation error of a driving module may be minimized. And, when a pin is driven down, the pin may be driven down more easily by the attraction of a magnetic material and a magnetic member.

Provided is a computer system for providing a tactile interface for a real-time two-dimensional (2D) tactile input/output interaction of a visually impaired person and an operating method thereof. The computer system may be configured to generate a tactile output corresponding to 2D visual information for a first body surface of a user through a tactile output module that is in contact with the first body surface, sense a tactile input for a second body surface of the user through a tactile input module, and generate a control signal for the 2D visual information based on the tactile input. Here, one of the first body surface and the second body surface may be a ventral surface of one body portion of the user, and the other one of the first surface and the second body surface may be a dorsal surface corresponding to the ventral surface in the one body portion.

The invention lies in the field of tactile displays and optical-tactile seeing aids. In order, proceeding from the known tactile displays having linear magnetic actuators, to provide such an electromagnetic actuator for tactile applications, in particular for tactile pins in Braille script displays and graphical surface displays, by means of which electromagnetic actuator an inexpensive bistable electromagnetic linear drive unit of simple mechanical design can be realized, the bar of the actuator consists of a material having very high coercivity, i.e. the polarity thereof cannot be changed, the bar being axially enclosed by a hard magnetic sleeve having at most the same length and having considerably lower coercivity, i.e. the polarity thereof can be changed, and the bar being freely movable in the axial direction and the actuation distance of the bar being defined by the excess length of the bar in comparison with the length of the hard magnetic sleeve, such that an auxiliary pole is formed at one end of the bar and a planar main pole is formed at the opposite end.

The present invention relates to a shape-variable electronic device and an operation method of the same and, more specifically, the shape-variable electronic device includes: a substrate having a cell region; a light source unit on the cell region; and a flexible layer vertically spaced apart from the light source unit. The flexible layer includes an actuator part that changes a shape of the flexible layer, and the actuator part includes: a photo-thermal response part that receives light emitted from the light source unit and generates thermal energy; a deformation part which receives the thermal energy from the photo-thermal response part and of which mechanical stiffness is reduced; and a top electrode and a bottom electrode on both surfaces of the deformation part, respectively.

In certain embodiments, secure data presentation may be facilitated for a tactile system. In some embodiments, the tactile system may include a display having carbon nanotube-based components having a surface that absorbs at least 96% of visible light. The tactile system may obtain tactile data and present the tactile data on the display by adjusting one or more positions of the carbon nanotube-based components based on the tactile data. In some embodiments, the tactile system may obtain environmental data (e.g., lighting data, presence data, etc.) for an environment (in which the display is located) and perform the adjustment of the positions of the carbon nanotube-based components based on (i) the tactile data and (ii) the environmental data.

Provided is a braille teaching material, and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a braille teaching material, and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein a teaching tool is detachably attached to a dot corresponding to a raised dot of braille among vertical dots and horizontal dots of braille, so that even braille beginners with undeveloped fingertip sensitivity are able to learn braille.

Provided is a braille teaching material, and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a braille teaching material, and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein by magnetic force, a teaching tool is attached to a dot corresponding to a raised dot of braille among vertical dots and horizontal dots of braille, so that even braille beginners with undeveloped fingertip sensitivity are able to learn braille.