A method for inputting and outputting a text comprising characters is disclosed, wherein the text is input via an input unit and/or output via an output unit in the form of a combination of full text and short text. The short text is input and/or output including at least one abbreviation in the form of characters or combinations of characters, to which predefined full text contents are allocated.

Electrostatic friction textures on a touchscreen panel are used to create the sensation of block icons in a contextual menu adapted to an automotive environment. In particular, a center stack touchscreen friction display in a passenger vehicle provides one set of touch controls and HMI data to the driver while simultaneously providing either the same control options and HMI or a completely different set of information and menu structure to the passenger in invisible texture form. The invisible texture is in the form of block icons, and coincidence between a finger of a passenger and a block icon results in an audio announcement of the block icon to guide a visually impaired passenger through the contextual menu.

This specification generally discloses an apparatus, system and method for refreshable braille display. The apparatus can include a first base having a contact surface and a plurality of cavities. The contact surface can be configured to receive fingertips. The plurality of cavities can be recessed from the contact surface. A plurality of pins can be housed within the plurality of cavities and configured to move in the plurality of cavities to selectively extend from the contact surface of the first base. A plurality of solenoids can be configured to at least partially operably connect to the plurality of pins. A controller can be configured to selectively provide a first electric current to the plurality of solenoids to generate first magnetic fields through the plurality of solenoids. The first magnetic fields can be configured to selectively move the plurality of pins to extend from the contact surface of the first base.

The present disclosure relates to tactile displays, for example electro-magnetic Braille displays. In certain disclosed embodiments, tactile displays may comprise capture plate assemblies. Such capture plate assemblies may be removable from tactile displays to facilitate cleaning and/or maintenance of the tactile display.

Braille cells and assemblies include an actuator that engages and makes readable a Braille dot by rotating about a hinge on a base to engage the dot. An electro-permanent magnet on the rod and a magnetic plate on the underlying base can cause the rotation. By running an electric pulse through the electro-permanent magnet, it will rotate the rod about the pivot hinge under attraction to the magnetic plate at the other end of the base. The rod then engages with a tactile pin contacting the Braille dot and making it readable. An electric pulse in an opposite direction may cause the magnetic field to cease and the tactile pin to disengage. The electro-permanent magnet may be coupled a mesh of rows and columns each with a P-channel MOSFET and N-channel MOSFET on opposite ends. The magnet may be at an intersection of a row and a column with diodes.

In certain embodiments, secure data presentation may be facilitated for a tactile system. In some embodiments, the tactile system may include a display having carbon nanotube-based components having a surface that absorbs at least 96% of visible light. The tactile system may obtain tactile data and present the tactile data on the display by adjusting one or more positions of the carbon nanotube-based components based on the tactile data. In some embodiments, the tactile system may obtain environmental data (e.g., lighting data, presence data, etc.) for an environment (in which the display is located) and perform the adjustment of the positions of the carbon nanotube-based components based on (i) the tactile data and (ii) the environmental data.

The present invention relates to a braille display and an electronic device including the same. The braille display according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a base configured to be provided as a perpendicularly polarized plate-shaped magnet and have through holes formed in a perpendicular direction according to a predetermined arrangement; pins configured to be respectively inserted in the through holes so that an upper end of each pin perpendicularly moves between a first position at which the pin protrudes from an upper surface of the base and a second position at which the pin is accommodated in one of the through holes, the pins expressing braille by means of a combination of individual pins located at the first position; and coils configured to be installed to be respectively wound around the pins and move the pins up and down by receiving current and interacting with the magnet.

A tactile pin actuator comprises a tactile pin assembly that includes a tactile pin and a recess that has a first screw thread formed thereon. A stop assembly is rigidly coupled relative to the tactile pin actuator. A lead screw attached to a shaft is positioned in the recess and is mechanically engaged with the first screw thread. A projection extends axially from the shaft. Rotation of the shaft in a first rotational direction relative to the tactile pin assembly causes the tactile pin assembly to move linearly in a first linear direction away from the shaft. Rotation of the shaft in the first rotational direction ceases when the projection comes into contact with the stop assembly. Rotation of the shaft in a second rotational direction causes the tactile pin assembly to move linearly in a second direction toward the shaft. Rotation of the shaft in the second direction ceases when the projection comes into contact with the stop assembly.

A display panel for the blind and a display device are provided in the embodiments of the disclosure. The display panel for the blind includes: a back plate; and a plurality of display units provided on the back plate, each comprising: supports provided on the back plate; and an elastic film layer provided on top of the supports and spaced apart from the back plate; the elastic film layer, the supports and the back plate cooperate with one another to define an accommodation cavity thereamong of a respective one of the plurality of display units, and the respective one of the plurality display units is configured to deform in a condition that it is energized so as to drive the accommodation cavity to change its shape and in turn to squeeze the elastic film layer to project outwards; the display device comprises the display panel for the blind as above and a housing configured to receive the display panel.

A tactile graphic display for providing a display representation of a graph or image generated by a graphic device for visually impaired users or other users who wish to access tactile information. The display includes one or more frame assemblies including hollow actuator chambers and hollow shaft chambers, the hollow shaft chambers extending perpendicular to the hollow actuator members. Actuators are received within the plurality of hollow actuator chambers and drive shafts are received with the hollow shaft members. Cams operably connect the actuators to the drive shafts. Each actuator rotates each cam about an axis of the actuator in a first direction from a down position to an up position thereby extending each drive shaft upwardly, and each actuator operably rotates each cam about the axis of the actuator in a second direction opposite to the first direction to the down position thereby retracting each drive shaft downwardly.