The embodiments herein relate to methods for controlling an optical transition in an optically switchable device, and optically switchable devices configured to perform such methods. In various embodiments, non-optical (e.g., electrical) feedback is used to help control an optical transition. The feedback may be used for a number of different purposes. In many implementations, the feedback is used to control an ongoing optical transition.

The embodiments herein relate to methods for controlling an optical transition in an optically switchable device, and optically switchable devices configured to perform such methods. In various embodiments, non-optical (e.g., electrical) feedback is used to help control an optical transition. The feedback may be used for a number of different purposes. In many implementations, the feedback is used to control an ongoing optical transition.

A control system for variable transmittance windows is disclosed. The system comprises at least one electro-optic element, a local control circuit, and a feedback circuit. The local control circuit is in communication with the electro-optic element via a conductive supply. The feedback circuit is in communication with the conductive supply and configured to communicate a feedback signal to the local control circuit. The local control circuit is configured to receive the feedback signal and adjust an output voltage transmitted to the conductive supply in response to the feedback signal.

Provided is an electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode apart from and opposite to the first electrode; an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, containing an oxidizable substance or a reducible substance, or both; and at least one of an oxidizable electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing an oxidizable electrochromic compound, and a reducible electrochromic layer between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing a reducible electrochromic compound, wherein an oxidation potential of the oxidizable substance is nobler than an oxidation potential of the oxidizable electrochromic compound, a reduction potential of the reducible substance is baser than a reduction potential of the reducible electrochromic compound, an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is irreversible, and a reduction reaction of the reducible substance is irreversible.

An electrochromic element is provided that includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged to oppose each other, a first transparent electrode that is formed on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate, a second transparent electrode that is formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and a coloration layer that is arranged between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode. The coloration layer includes an electrochromic material and an electrolyte, and a pattern or a concentration gradient of the electrochromic material is formed in at least a part of the coloration layer.

An electro-optic display may comprise a front electrode having a first opening defined therein, a rear electrode having a second opening defined therein, an electro-optic layer between the front and rear electrodes and a rigid conductive component passing through the first and second openings and electrically contacting the front electrode but not the rear electrode.

An electro-optic device is provided that includes a first substrate having an inner surface and an outer surface; a first electrode provided at the inner surface of the first substrate; a second substrate having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the inner surface of the second substrate faces the inner surface of the first substrate; a second electrode provided at the inner surface of the second substrate; and an electro-optic medium provided between the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates. The first electrode includes a metal mesh formed from metal tracings and having open areas between the metal tracings; and a first transparent conductive coating electrically coupled to the metal mesh and extending at least between the metal tracings so as to extend across the open areas.

An electro-optic system where an electrical potential is changed and/or regulated to achieve a desired potential applied to an electro-optic medium. The electro-optic system comprises an electro-optic medium disposed in a chamber defined in part by two electrodes. A power source is connected to the two electrodes and thereby operable to apply an electrical potential to the electrochromic medium across the two electrodes. A voltmeter is operable to measure an electrical potential between two points within the chamber. Additionally, a controller is connected to the voltmeter and the power source and is operable to regulate the electrical potential applied by the power source based, at least in part, on the electrical potential measured between the two points within the chamber by the voltmeter.

An electrochromic (EC) device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode separated by an electrolyte. The first electrode comprises an electrochromic (EC) layer comprising a compound having the formula A.sub.iB.sub.jO.sub.k, where A comprises one or more elements selected from a group consisting of W, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cs, and Zn, where B is different than A and comprises one or more elements selected from a group consisting of Mo, Ti, Nb, and V, where i and j have values that are greater than 0, and where k is a stoichiometric value that balances the formula. A is selected such that the EC layer has an improved optical contrast relative to B.sub.jO.sub.k and B is selected such that the EC layer has an improved specific charge capacity relative to A.sub.iO.sub.k.

Provided is a display apparatus including an image forming device configured to form an image, an optical system configured to provide an output image by combining light containing an outside landscape with the image formed by the image forming device, and a driving device configured to adjust a distance between the image forming device and the optical system, wherein the driving device includes a fixed frame, a movable frame which faces the fixed frame and is movable, an actuator configured to change a distance between the fixed frame and the movable frame, and a fixing member configured to fix the distance between the fixed frame and the movable frame, wherein the image forming device is fixed to the movable frame.