A method of neurostimulation includes delivering an electrical signal to a plurality of electrodes (215A, 215B) connected to a patient. The electrical signal is characterized by an amplitude and a carrier frequency. The method includes modulating an electrical signal based on an audio waveform. In some cases, the modulation may include modulating at least one of an amplitude and a carrier frequency based on the audio waveform. A neurostimulation device (200) comprising first and second electrodes is also disclosed.

A heating/cooling therapy treatment pad system incorporates a plurality of therapy pads that can be coupled together by connectors and attachments to form an integrated therapy pad assembly. The thermal pads have pouches for receiving thermal inserts that may be heated or chilled. The thermal inserts may be cylindrical in shape and there may be thermal insert gaps, or spaces between the pouches to enable better conformability of the therapy pad to a person's body, such as around the neck. The heating/cooling therapy treatment pad system may include a neck therapy pad, spine therapy pad, head and face therapy pads, shoulder therapy pad, lumbar therapy pad, armpit thermal therapy pad and a thermal therapy pad vest. The system of pads interconnect to provide tailored thermal therapy to multiple areas of a user's body and may be used to effectuate rapid cooling and in particular for those suffering from heat exhaustion.

An in-ear stimulation device for administering caloric stimulation to the ear canal of a subject includes (a) first and second earpieces configured to be insertable into the ear canals of the subject; (b) at least first and second thermoelectric devices thermally coupled to respective ones of the first and second earpieces; (c) a first heat sink thermally coupled to the first thermoelectric device opposite the first earpiece and a second heat sink thermally coupled to the second thermoelectric device opposite the second earpiece; and (d) a controller comprising a waveform generator in communication with the first and second thermoelectric devices, the waveform generator configured to generate a first control signal to control a first caloric output to the first thermoelectric device and a second control signal to control a second caloric output to the second caloric device.

A heating/cooling therapy treatment pad system incorporates a plurality of therapy pads that can be coupled together by connectors and attachments to form an integrated therapy pad assembly. The thermal pads have pouches for receiving thermal inserts that may be heated or chilled. The thermal inserts may be cylindrical in shape and there may be thermal insert gaps, or spaces between the pouches to enable better conformability of the therapy pad to a person's body, such as around the neck. The heating/cooling therapy treatment pad system may include a neck therapy pad, spine therapy pad, head and face therapy pads, shoulder therapy pad, lumbar therapy pad, armpit thermal therapy pad and a thermal therapy pad vest. The system of pads interconnect to provide tailored thermal therapy to multiple areas of a user's body and may be used to effectuate rapid cooling and in particular for those suffering from heat exhaustion.

A wearable device combines its existing functions (e.g., a headphone) with non-invasive autonomic modulation using tragus or other external auditory meatus stimulation. The wearable device can output audio to a user, such as music, podcast, etc., and further provide modulation of the vagus nerve via tragus stimulation or other external auditory meatus stimulation to treat various diseases.

A method of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) may include delivering an electrical signal via transdermal electrical stimulation using a plurality of electrodes connected to a patient. The electrical signal may include an amplitude and a carrier frequency. The method may include modulating at least one of the amplitude and the carrier frequency based on a modulation waveform to modulate the electrical signal, the modulation waveform may include a modulation frequency that is less than the carrier frequency.

A securing device is shown and describe for positioning on a user's head. The securing device may be used to couple or attach an insert to the user's head in a desired position.

Selectively controllable apparatus for insertion into an ear canal, and related methods of use and operation for behavioral control. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a body configured for insertion into an ear canal. In one variant, the body includes one or more thermal mechanisms which enable selective increase or decrease of temperature of at least portions of the ear canal so as to implement behavioral control of the user, such as to mitigate cravings for food, alcohol, narcotics, or other potentially deleterious substances. In one variant, a mild nausea or pre-nausea condition is created within the user according to a time-temperature profile so as to induce the aforementioned behavioral modification.

A method of treating a subject in need thereof, is carried out by (a) administering said subject a therapeutic intervention (e.g., an active agent) in a treatment effective amount; and concurrently (b) administering said subject caloric vestibular stimulation in a treatment effective amount, said caloric vestibular stimulation administered so as to enhance the efficacy of said active agent. In some embodiments, the caloric vestibular stimulation is administered as an actively controlled time varying waveform.

An in-ear stimulation device for administering caloric stimulation to the ear canal of a subject includes (a) first and second earpieces configured to be insertable into the ear canals of the subject; (b) at least first and second thermoelectric devices thermally coupled to respective ones of the first and second earpieces; (c) a first heat sink thermally coupled to the first thermoelectric device opposite the first earpiece and a second heat sink thermally coupled to the second thermoelectric device opposite the second earpiece; and (d) a controller comprising a waveform generator in communication with the first and second thermoelectric devices, the waveform generator configured to generate a first control signal to control a first caloric output to the first thermoelectric device and a second control signal to control a second caloric output to the second caloric device.