Provided are a noise reduction method and apparatus, a test method and apparatus, an electronic device, and a storage medium, relating to the fields of acoustics and audio. The noise reduction method includes: obtaining an environmental noise and obtaining an environmental spectrum feature of the environmental noise; obtaining a spectrum feature-filter coefficient correspondence; obtaining a target spectrum feature unit from the spectrum feature-filter coefficient correspondence according to the environmental spectrum feature; obtaining a filter coefficient in a filter coefficient unit corresponding to the target spectrum feature unit in the spectrum feature-filter coefficient correspondence as an environmental filter coefficient; and generating noise reduction audio according to the environmental filter coefficient.