A PZT microactuator such as for a hard disk drive has a restraining layer bonded on its side that is opposite the side on which the PZT is mounted. The restraining layer comprises a stiff and resilient material such as stainless steel. The restraining layer can cover most or all of the top of the PZT, with an electrical connection being made to the PZT where it is not covered by the restraining layer. The restraining layer reduces bending of the PZT as mounted and hence increases effective stroke length, or reverses the sign of the bending which increases the effective stroke length of the PZT even further. The restraining layer can be one or more active layers of PZT material that act in the opposite direction as the main PZT layer. The restraining layer(s) may be thinner than the main PZT layer.

A magnetic head includes a first servo reading element pair, a second servo reading element pair, and a plurality of magnetic elements. The first servo reading element pair consists of a first servo reading element and a second servo reading element, the second servo reading element pair consists of a third servo reading element and a fourth servo reading element, the first servo reading element and the third servo reading element are disposed on one end side of the plurality of magnetic elements and read one servo band of the pair of servo bands, and the second servo reading element and the fourth servo reading element are disposed on the other end side of the plurality of magnetic elements and read the other servo band of the pair of servo bands.

Embodiments provide a method of operating a voice coil motor via a transconductance loop. The method includes detecting an actual value of a supply voltage of the transconductance loop. An offset compensation signal of the transconductance loop is produced as a function of the detected actual value of the supply voltage based on a relationship between offset values and the supply voltage of the transconductance loop. The offset compensation signal is applied to a loop control signal of the transconductance loop. A drive current is applied to the voice coil motor. The drive current is related to a target drive current that is based on the loop control signal.

A magnetic head includes a pair of servo reading elements corresponding to a pair of servo bands adjacent to each other in a width direction. A processor acquires a first signal based on a first result obtained by reading a servo pattern in a first servo band by a first servo reading element included in a pair of servo reading elements, acquires a second signal based on a second result obtained by reading the servo pattern in a second servo band by a second servo reading element included in the pair of servo reading elements, and outputs a deviation amount signal corresponding to a deviation amount in time between the first signal and the second signal.

Linear Tape File System that can accommodate various storage orders, such as sequential and reverse sequential, on a tape medium. The storage order may be reversed (or otherwise changed) at the block level and also the bit order within the block level. The LFTS related data associated with the LFTS file system stores data sufficient to indicate storage order (for example, reverse), so that the motions of the tape medium and tape drive can be coordinated during reading or erasing operations to be performed in the correct order, with a view to the order the data was stored on the tape. Storing data in reverse order on an LFTS tape can lead to certain operational advantages.

A memory system, sensor circuit, and method of operating a memory system are provided. The disclosed memory system includes a first transducer configured to output a first electrical signal indicative of a first operating parameter of the memory system. The memory system is further disclosed to include a second transducer configured to output a second electrical signal indicative of a second operating parameter of the memory system where the second transducer shares a node with the first transducer. The memory system is further disclosed to include a sense amplifier that receives the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal and provide an output responsive to both the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal to a preamplifier Integrated Circuit (IC).

According to an embodiment, a magnetic disk, a magnetic head, an actuator and a processing unit are provided. The processing unit acquires a feature amount from a position error between a demodulated position and an estimated position of the magnetic head based on a frequency resonance characteristic of the actuator or a frequency characteristic of vibration caused by disturbance of the actuator and, based on the feature amount, sets an on-track determination number used for confirming an on-track state of the magnetic head after seeking.

A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric body, an external electrode, and an internal electrode. The piezoelectric body includes first and second main surfaces opposing each other. The external electrode is disposed on the first main surface and has a first polarity. The internal electrode is disposed in the piezoelectric body to oppose the external electrode in a direction in which the first main surface and the second main surface oppose each other and has a second polarity different from the first polarity. A region from the internal electrode to the external electrode in the piezoelectric body is a polarizing region, and a region from the internal electrode to the second main surface in the piezoelectric body is a non-polarizing region.

A data storage device is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk surface comprising a plurality of servo sectors, wherein each servo sector comprises a servo burst field. Across a first radial band of servo tracks, the servo burst field comprises a first length, and across a second radial band of servo tracks, the servo burst field comprises a second length longer than the first length. When the head is over the first radial band of the servo tracks, the head is servoed over the disk surface based on the first read element reading a first servo sector and the second read element concurrently reading a second servo sector different from the first servo sector. When the head is over the second radial band of the servo tracks, the head is servoed over the disk surface based on the first read element reading a third servo sector.

A suspension having a DSA structure on a gimbaled flexure includes a loadbeam and a flexure attached to the loadbeam. The flexure includes a metal layer with a pair of spring arms, a tongue including a slider mounting surface, and a pair of struts connecting the pair of spring arms to the tongue. The suspension further includes a pair of traces including one or more insulated conductors and being routed around opposite sides of the slider mounting surface, over the pair of struts to a set of terminal contacts on a distal portion of the tongue. The suspension also includes a motor mounted on the flexure, the motor having opposite lateral ends, the motor orientated laterally across the flexure such that the opposite lateral ends of the motor are on opposite lateral sides of the flexure. Electrical activation of the motor rotates the slider mounting surface relative to the loadbeam.