Described is an apparatus which comprises: a heat spreading layer; a first transition metal layer adjacent to the heat spreading layer; and a magnetic recording layer adjacent to the first transition metal layer. Described is an apparatus which comprises: a first electrode; a magnetic junction having a free magnet; and one or more layers of Jahn-Teller material adjacent to the first electrode and the free magnet of the magnetic junction.

A magnetic recording medium includes: a substrate; a recording layer; and a layer being provided between the substrate and the recording layer, the layer containing a superelastic body.

A data device may have at least a magnetic lamination with a thermal retention structure deposited on a substrate and configured to maintain a predetermined temperature for a predetermined amount of time. Such predetermined temperature and amount of time may allow for the growth of a magnetic layer with a predetermined magnetic anisotropy.

The invention provides a magnetic recording medium with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio during reading by reducing the noise produced during writing of data onto the magnetic recording medium, and increasing the signal level. The assisted magnetic recording medium according to one embodiment comprising a substrate, a base layer, and a magnetic layer composed mainly of an alloy with an L1.sub.0-type crystal structure, the assisted magnetic recording medium having a pinning layer in contact with the magnetic layer, and the pinning layer including Co or an alloy composed mainly of Co.

A method of manufacturing a magnetic recording medium, includes at least: forming an orientation control layer 3 that controls orientation of an immediately above layer thereof on a non-magnetic substrate 1; and forming a perpendicular magnetic layer 4 in which an easy axis of magnetization is mainly perpendicularly orientated to the non-magnetic substrate 1, in which the forming of the orientation control layer 3 includes forming a granular layer having a granular structure that includes Ru or a material in which Ru is a main component and an oxide having a melting point which is greater than or equal to 450 C. and less than or equal to 1000 C., by a sputtering method, and the forming of the perpendicular magnetic layer 4 includes growing crystal grains to form columnar crystals that are continuous in a thickness direction together with crystal grains that form the orientation control layer 3.

A magnetic recording medium includes: a substrate; an underlayer; and a magnetic layer including an alloy having a L1.sub.0 type crystal structure whose plane orientation is (001). The substrate, the underlayer, and the magnetic layer are stacked in this order. The underlayer includes a first underlayer. The first underlayer is a crystalline layer that includes a material containing Al, Ag, Cu, W, or Mo as a main component element and includes an oxide of the main component element, a content of the oxide of the main component element in the first underlayer being in a range of from 2 mol % to 30 mol %.

This disclosure relates to a memory device that includes at least one magnetic track on a substrate, wherein the at least one magnetic track comprises one or more magnetic domains. Contacts can be disposed on the at least one magnetic track according to a predetermined arrangement to form a plurality of bitcells on the at least one magnetic track, wherein each one of the plurality of bitcells is configured to store at least one magnetic domain. The device can include a timing circuit connected to the contacts, with the timing circuit being configured to apply to the contacts multiple phases of electric currents according to a predetermined timing sequence to cause the at least one magnetic domain to shift from the each one of the plurality of bitcells to an adjacent one of the plurality of bitcells on the at least one magnetic track.

A magnetic recording medium includes a non-magnetic substrate, a soft magnetic underlayer, an orientation control layer, a perpendicular magnetic layer, and a protective layer arranged in this order. The perpendicular magnetic layer includes a first magnetic layer and a second magnetic layer from the non-magnetic substrate side in this order. The second magnetic layer contains a magnetic grain and provided farthest from the non-magnetic substrate. The first magnetic layer has a granular structure that contains an oxide in a grain boundary. The second magnetic layer has a granular structure that contains a nitride of an element contained in the magnetic grain in a grain boundary.

A magnetic recording medium has a recording surface having an average surface roughness SRa of 3.0 ?m or less, the number of projections having a height of 7.5 nm or more included in a unit region (where the unit region is a square region with each side having a length of 30 ?m) of the recording surface is 256 or more, and the number of projections having a height of 15 nm or more included in the unit region of the recording surface is 0 or more and 104 or less.

A stack includes a substrate, a magnetic recording layer having a columnar structure, and an interlayer disposed between the substrate and the magnetic recording layer. The columnar structure includes magnetic grains separated by a crystalline segregant or a combination of crystalline and amorphous segregants.