The present invention relates to a method of operating memory cells, comprising reading a previous user data from the memory cells; writing a new user data and merging the new user data with the previous user data into write registers; generating mask register information, and wherein the mask register information indicates bits of the previous user data stored in the memory cells to be switched or not to be switched in their logic values; counting numbers of a first logic value and a second logic value to be written using the mask register information, respectively; storing the numbers of the first logic value and the second logic value into a first counter and a second counter, respectively; and applying a programming pulse to the memory cells according to the mask register information.

For a non-volatile memory that uses hard bit and soft bit data in error correction operations, to reduce the amount of soft bit data that needs to be transferred from a memory to the controller and improve memory system performance, the soft bit data can be compressed before transfer. After the soft bit data is read and stored into the internal data latches associated with the sense amplifiers, it is compressed within these internal data latches. The compressed soft bit data can then be transferred to the transfer data latches of a cache buffer, where the compressed soft bit data can be consolidated and transferred out over an input-output interface. Within the input-output interface, the compressed data can be reshuffled to put into logical user data order if needed.

A memory management method, a memory storage device, and a memory control circuit unit are provided. The method includes: reading first data from a first physical unit by using a first read voltage level according to first management information among multiple candidate management information; decoding the first data and recording first error bit information of the first data; and adjusting sorting information related to the candidate management information according to the first error bit information. The sorting information reflects a usage order of the candidate management information in a decoding operation.

Methods of performing mixed-signal/analog multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations used for matrix multiplication in fully connected artificial neural networks in integrated circuits (IC) are described in this disclosure having traits such as: (1) inherently fast and efficient for approximate computing due to current-mode signal processing where summation is performed by simply coupling wires, (2) free from noisy and power hungry clocks with asynchronous fully-connected operations, (3) saving on silicon area and power consumption for requiring neither any data-converters nor any memory for intermediate activation signals, (4) reduced dynamic power consumption due to Compute-In-Memory operations, (5) avoiding over-flow conditions along key signals paths and lowering power consumption by training MACs in neural networks in such a manner that the population and or combinations of multi-quadrant activation signals and multi-quadrant weight signals follow a programmable statistical distribution profile, (6) programmable current consumption versus degree of precision/approximate computing, (7) suitable for ‘always-on’ operations and capable of ‘self power-off’, (8) inherently simple arrangement for non-linear activation operations such as Rectified Linear Unit, ReLu, and (9) manufacturable on main-stream, low cost, and lagging edge standard digital CMOS process requiring neither any resistors nor any capacitors.

For a non-volatile memory that uses hard bit and soft bit data in error correction operations, to reduce the amount of soft bit data that needs to be transferred from a memory to the controller and improve memory system performance, the soft bit data can be compressed before transfer. After the soft bit data is read and stored into the internal data latches associated with the sense amplifiers, it is compressed within these internal data latches. The compressed soft bit data can then be transferred to the transfer data latches of a cache buffer, where the compressed soft bit data can be consolidated and transferred out over an input-output interface. Within the input-output interface, the compressed data can be reshuffled to put into logical user data order if needed.

A memory device includes a substrate including first and second regions, the first region having first wordlines and first bitlines, and the second region having second wordlines and second bitlines, a first memory cell array including first memory cells in the first region, the first memory cell array having volatility, and each of the first memory cells including a cell switch having a first channel region adjacent to a corresponding first wordline of the first wordlines, and a capacitor connected to the cell switch, and a second memory cell array including second memory cells in the second region, the second memory cell array having non-volatility, and each of the second memory cells including a second channel region adjacent to a corresponding second wordline of the second wordlines, and a ferroelectric layer between the corresponding second wordline of the second wordlines and the second channel region.

A method and apparatus of integrating memory stacks includes providing a first memory die of a first memory technology and a second memory die of a second memory technology. A first logic die is in communication with the first memory die of the first memory technology, and includes a first memory controller including a first memory control function for interpreting requests in accordance with a first protocol for the first memory technology. A second logic die is in communication with the second memory die of the second memory technology and includes a second memory controller including a second memory control function for interpreting requests in accordance with a second protocol for the second memory technology. A memory operation request is received at the first or second memory controller, and the memory operation request is performed in accordance with the associated first memory protocol or the second memory protocol.

A memory system includes a memory controller, a plurality of serial data buffers, and a plurality of memory devices. The memory controller issues packetized commands and data to the serial data buffers. The serial data buffers each apply a different remapping function to remap an input command address in the packetized commands to respective remapped memory addresses that are different for each serial data buffer. The serial data buffers then issue commands to the memory devices using the remapped addresses. The remapping functions may be designed to mitigate row hammer effects. The serial data buffers may furthermore apply transformations to read and write data to facilitate encryption and decryption.

A lateral transfer path within an adjustable-width signaling interface of an integrated circuit component is formed by a chain of logic segments that may be intercoupled in different groups to effect the lateral data transfer required in different interface width configurations, avoiding the need for a dedicated transfer path per width configuration and thereby substantially reducing number of interconnects (and thus the area) required to implement the lateral transfer structure.

A memory array arranged in multiple columns and rows. Computation circuits that each calculate a computation value from cell values in a corresponding column. A column multiplexer cycles through multiple data lines that each corresponds to a computation circuit. Cluster cycle management circuitry determines a number of multiplexer cycles based on a number of columns storing data of a compute cluster. A sensing circuit obtains the computation values from the computation circuits via the column multiplexer as the column multiplexer cycles through the data lines. The sensing circuit combines the obtained computation values over the determined number of multiplexer cycles. A first clock may initiate the multiplexer to cycle through its data lines for the determined number of multiplexer cycles, and a second clock may initiate each individual cycle. The multiplexer or additional circuitry may be utilized to modify the order in which data is written to the columns.